{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:57:55Z","timestamp":1791244675325,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Members of the copepod family Caligidae are some of the most common parasites of marine fishes. There are 503 recognized species divided into about 30 genera, with 75% of species belonging to the 2 largest genera, Caligus and Lepeophtheirus. More than 30 caligid species are known to cause serious pathologic changes as ectoparasites in marine teleost aquaculture. This study was undertaken to provide a key to the valid genera of Caligidae, to examine their morphology in new detail with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and to review uncertainties concerning boundaries between several genera. There have been several substantial changes to the taxonomy of Caligidae over the last decade: Metacaligus, Sciaenophilus, and Sinocaligus have been synonymized with Caligus and the validity of Midias has been questioned. Here, we formally propose that Midias and Markevichus are junior subjective synonyms of Caligus. In total, we recognize 27 valid genera; provide a key to these genera; present confocal laser scanning micrographs for 25 of the genera, many of which have never been imaged before; and highlight helpful diagnostic features used in the key. We also discuss some concerns regarding the generic boundaries separating Belizia, Caritus, Parapetalus, Parechetus, Pseudechetus, and Synestius from Caligus and those separating Anuretes, Pseudanuretes, and Mappates from Lepeophtheirus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1645\/24-97","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T04:09:55Z","timestamp":1737432595000},"page":"10-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Updated Key to the Genera of Caligidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida)"],"prefix":"10.1645","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1769-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P.","family":"Bernot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, Connecticut 06269."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey A.","family":"Boxshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terue Cristina","family":"Kihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INES\u2014Integrated Environmental Solutions GmbH, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg am Meer, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Mart\u00ednez","family":"Arbizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg am Meer, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1220","reference":[{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. G. Lewis,  \"Proceedings of the United States National Museum.\"  121, \"Copepod crustaceans parasitic on teleost fishes of the Hawaiian Islands.\" 1 (1967)","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.121-3574.1"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. W. Bassett-Smith,  \"Annals and Magazine of Natural History.\"  2, \"Some new or rare parasitic copepods found on fish in the Indo-Tropic region.\" 357 (1898)","DOI":"10.1080\/00222939808678056"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"O. K. Ben-Hassine,  \"Les Cop\u00e9podes parasites de Poissons Mugilidae en Mediterran\u00e9e occidentale (c\u00f4tes fran\u00e7aises et tunisiennes).\"  452 (1983)"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"K. K. Boxaspen, \u00d8. Karlsen, T. Sv\u00e5sand, et al.  \"Sea Lice Biology and Control.\"  \"Impacts of sea lice.\" 531 (2022)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Boxshall,  \"Zootaxa.\"  4398, \"The sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) of More-ton Bay (Queensland, Australia), with descriptions of thirteen new species.\" 1 (2018)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4398.1.1"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. A. Boxshall,  \"Folia Parasitologica.\"  55, \"A new genus of sea louse (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) parasitic on the bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis).\" 231 (2008)","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2008.031"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. A. Boxshall  and D. P. Barton  \"Systematic Parasitology.\"  100, \"Caligid sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) from golden snapper Lutjanus johnii (Bloch) in Australian waters, with the recognition of Sinocaligus Shen, 1957 as a junior synonym of Caligus M\u00fcller, 1785.\" 487 (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-023-10099-z"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. A. Boxshall, J. P. Bernot, D. P. Barton, et al.  \"Zootaxa.\"  4736, \"Parasitic copepods of the family Lernanthropidae Kabata, 1979 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) from Australian fishes, with descriptions of seven new species.\" 1 (2020)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4736.1.1"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"G. A. Boxshall  and S. H. Halsey  \"An Introduction to Copepod Diversity.\"  2000 (2004)"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G. A. Boxshall  and J. L. Justine  \"Folia Parasitologica.\"  52, \"A new genus of parasitic copepod (Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) from the razorback scabbardsh, Assurger anzac (Trichiuridae) off New Caledonia.\" 349 (2005)","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2005.048"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. A. Boxshall, C. L. Lin, J. S. Ho, et al.  \"Systematic Parasitology.\"  70, \"A revision of the family Dissonidae Kurtz, 1924 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida).\" 81 (2008)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-008-9132-z"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"S. Bravo,  \"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists.\"  23, \"Sea lice in Chilean salmon farms.\" 197 (2003)"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"A. Brian,  \"Parasitologica Mauritanica. Mat\u00e9riaux pour la Faune Parasitologique en Mauritanie.\"  1, \"Copepoda. Cop\u00e9podes commensaux et parasites des cotes mauritaniennes.\" 1 (1924)"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"A. Brian,  \"Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines.\"  32, \"Cop\u00e9podes parasites recueillis par ME Dartevelle \u00e0 l'embouchure du fleuve Congo.\" 176 (1939)"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"H. Burmeister,  \"Acta Verhandlungen der Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akademie der Naturforscher.\"  17, \"Beschreibung einiger neuen oder weniger bekannten Schmarotzerkrebse, nebst allgemeinen Betrachtungen uber die Gruppe, welche sie angehoren.\" 269 (1835)"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Cressey,  \"Systematic Parasitology.\"  15, \"Belizia brevicauda, a new genus and species of caligid copepod from the western Caribbean Sea.\" 151 (1990)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00009993"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. F. Cressey,  \"Proceedings of the United States National Museum.\"  123, \"Caritus, a new genus of caligoid copepod, with a key to the genera of Caliginae.\" 1 (1967)","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.123-3623.1"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Dojiri,  \"Journal of Natural History.\"  23, \"Two species of Caligus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on fishes from southern Africa.\" 263 (1989)","DOI":"10.1080\/00222938900770231"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Dojiri  and R. F. Cressey  \"Journal of Crustacean Biology.\"  11, \"Arrama, new genus (Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae), with two new species, copepods parasitic on Australian fishes.\" 594 (1991)","DOI":"10.2307\/1548529"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Dojiri  and J.-S. Ho  \"Systematics of the Caligidae, Copepods Parasitic on Marine Fishes.\"  461 (2013)","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004204256"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. A. Freeman, H. Anshary, K. Ogawa,  \"Parasites & Vectors.\"  6, \"Multiple gene analyses of caligid copepods indicate that the reduction of a thoracic appendage in Pseudocaligus represents convergent evolution.\" 336 (2013)","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-336"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"A. Gerstaecker,  \"Archiv f\u00fcr Naturgeschichte.\"  19, \"\u00dcber eine neue und eine weniger gekannte Siphonostomen-Gattung.\" 58 (1853)"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"S. M. Hameed  and N. K. Pillai  \"Zoological Anzeiger.\"  191, \"Description of a new species of Caligus (Crustacea: Copepoda) from Kerala.\" 114 (1973)"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Hayes, J. L. Justine, G. A. Boxshall,  \"Zootaxa.\"  3534, \"The genus Caligus M\u00fcller, 1785 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida): Two new species from reef associated fishes in New Caledonia, and some nomenclatural problems resolved.\" 21 (2012)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3534.1.2"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"C. Heller,  \"Reise der \u00f6sterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von W\u00fcllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologie.\"  2, \"Crustaceen.\" 1 (1865)"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. C. Hewitt,  \"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada.\"  28, \"Species of Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda, Caligidae) recorded from the ocean sunfish (Mola mola) and their implications for the caligid genus Dentigryps.\" 323 (1971)","DOI":"10.1139\/f71-044"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.-S. Ho  and A. K. M. Bashirullah  \"Journal of Natural History.\"  11, \"Two species of caligid copepods (Crustacea) parasitic on marine fishes of Venezuela, with discussion of Metacaligus Thomsen, 1949.\" 703 (1977)","DOI":"10.1080\/00222937700770601"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.-S. Ho  and M. Dojiri  \"Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.\"  24, \"Parasitic copepods on the fishes of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Part II. Caligoida: Dissonus, Lepeophtheirus, and Dentigryps.\" 77 (1977)","DOI":"10.5134\/175956"},{"key":"28","unstructured":"J.-S. Ho, I. H. Kim, E. R. Cruz-Lacierda, et al.  \"Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan.\"  31, \"Sea lice (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasitic on marine cultured and wild fishes of the Philippines.\" 235 (2004)"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.-S. Ho  and C. L. Lin  \"Zoological Sciences.\"  19, \"New species of Metacaligus (Caligidae, Copepoda) parasitic on the cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus) of Taiwan, with a cladistic analysis of the family Caligidae.\" 1363 (2002)","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.19.1363"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"J.-S. Ho  and C.-L. Lin  \"Sea Lice of Taiwan: Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae.\"  388 (2004)"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"N. Ismail, Y. Nishida, S. Ohtsuka, et al.  \"Biodiversity Data Journal.\"  12, \"First record of Caligus dussumieri Rangnekar, 1957 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae) from Malaysia, with notes on caligids found from Malaysia and on host-specificity of caligids on lutjanid fishes.\" e116598 (2024)","DOI":"10.3897\/BDJ.12.e116598"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. C. Johnson, R. B. Blaylock, J. Elphick, et al.  \"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.\"  53, \"Disease induced by the sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) (Copepoda: Caligidae) in wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks of Alberni Inlet, British Columbia.\" 2888 (1996)","DOI":"10.1139\/f96-226"},{"key":"33","unstructured":"S. C. Johnson, S. Bravo, K. Nagasawa, et al.  \"Zoological Studies.\"  43, \"A review of the impact of parasitic copepods on marine aquaculture.\" 229 (2004)"},{"key":"34","unstructured":"Z. Kabata,  \"Parasitic Copepods of British Fishes.\"  468 (1979)"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Kabata  and G. B. Deets  \"Canadian Journal of Zoology.\"  66, \"Pseudoanuretes papernai sp. nov. (Copepoda: Caligidae) with comments on the genus Pseudanuretes Yamaguti, 1936.\" 680 (1988)","DOI":"10.1139\/z88-100"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Kaji, B. A. Venmathi Maran, Y. Kondoh, et al.  \"Evolution & Development.\"  14, \"The lunule of caligid copepods: An evolutionarily novel structure.\" 465 (2012)","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.12000"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"V. N. Kazachenko,  \"Parazitologiia.\"  9, \"New species of the genus Caligus M\u00fcller, 1785 (Copepoda parasitica, Caligidae) from Usacaranx georgianus (Cuvier et Valenciennes) from the Great Australian Gulf.\" 425 (1975)"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Kensley,  \"Crustaceana.\"  18, \"A new species of Caligus from South West Africa (Copepoda, Caligidae).\" 167 (1970)","DOI":"10.1163\/156854070X00770"},{"key":"39","unstructured":"I.-H. Kim,  \"Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity.\"  14, \"Caligus parvilatus n. nov., a replaced name of Caligus latus Kim, 1995 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Caligidae), with description of male.\" 117 (1998)"},{"key":"40","unstructured":"P. Kirtisinghe,  \"Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Station, Ceylon.\"  17, \"A review of the parasitic copepods of fish recorded from Ceylon, with descriptions of additional forms.\" 45 (1964)"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Kodama, K. Ikeda, O. Arakawa, et al.  \"Toxicon.\"  204, \"Evidence of accumulation of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in tissues and body parts of ectoparasitic copepods via their feeding on mucus of TTX-bearing puffer-fish.\" 37 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2021.10.011"},{"key":"42","unstructured":"H. Kr\u00f8yer,  \"Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift Series.\"  3, \"Bidrag til Kundskab om Snyltekrebsene.\" 75 (1863)"},{"key":"43","unstructured":"H. Kr\u00f8yer,  \"Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift Series.\"  3, \"Bidrag til Kundskab om Snyltekrebsene.\" 321 (1864)"},{"key":"45","unstructured":"A. P. Markevitsch,  \"Dopovidi Akademiyi Nauk, Ukrayin'skoi RSR.\"  11, \"Novi vidi parazitichnykh Copepoda.\" 13 (1940)"},{"key":"46","unstructured":"H. Milne Edwards,  \"Histoire Naturelle des Crustac\u00e9s, Comprenant l \u00c1natomie, la Physiologie et la Classification de ces Animaux. Encyclop\u00e9dique.\"  Volume III, 638 (1840)"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Y. Moon  and I. H. Kim  \"Journal of Species Research.\"  1, \"Sea lice (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae) new to Korea, including three new species.\" 175 (2012)","DOI":"10.12651\/JSR.2012.1.2.175"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F. N. Morales-Serna, B. Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Rivera, S. G\u00f3mez,  \"ZooKeys.\"  1209, \"Caligus selenecola sp. nov. (Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae) parasitic on the hairfin lookdown Selene brevoortii (Gill) from the Gulf of California, Mexico, with some comments on Caritus tolii Rangnekar, 1984.\" 43 (2024)","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.1209.120812"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. F. M\u00fcller,  \"Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum: characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium.\"  282 (1776)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.13268"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. F. M\u00fcller,  \"Entomostraca seu Insecta Testacea quae ni aquis Daniae et Norvegia reperit.\"  134 (1785)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.14414"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Mustafa, C. Macwilliams, N. Fernandez, et al.  \"Fish & Shellfish Immunology.\"  10, \"Effects of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kr\u00f6yer, 1837) infestation on macrophage functions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).\" 47 (2000)","DOI":"10.1006\/fsim.1999.0229"},{"key":"52","unstructured":"L. Nu\u00f1es-Ruivo  and P. Fourmanoir  \"I. M\u00e9moires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar Series A.\"  10, \"Cop\u00e9podes parasites de poissons de Madagascar.\" 69 (1956)"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Ohtsuka  and G. A. Boxshall  \"ZooKeys.\"  893, \"Two new species of the genus Caligus (Crustacea, Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) from the Sea of Japan, with a note on the establishment of a new species group.\" 91 (2019)","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.893.46923"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Ohtsuka, M. Nawata, Y. Nishida, et al.  \"Biodiversity Data Journal.\"  8, \"Discovery of the fish host of the \u2018planktonic\u2019 caligid Caligus undulatus Shen & Li, 1959 (Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida).\" e52271 (2020)","DOI":"10.3897\/BDJ.8.e52271"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Ohtsuka, Y. Nishida, K. Hirano, et al.  \"Arthropod Structure & Development.\"  62, \"The cephalothoracic sucker of sea lice (Crustacea: Copepoda: Caligidae): The functional importance of cuticular membrane ultrastructure.\" 1 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2021.101046"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. A. \u00d6zak, I. Demirkale, G. A. Boxshall, et al.  \"Systematic Parasitology.\"  86, \"Parasitic copepods of the common sole, Solea solea (L.), from the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey.\" 173 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-013-9441-8"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. A. \u00d6zak, T. T. Kurt, S. A. Kamanli, et al.  \"Zootaxa.\"  5437, \"Two new species of planktonic Caligus O.F. M\u00fcller 1785 (Copepoda: Caligidae) from T\u00fcrkiye with an updated review and checklist of planktonic caligids.\" 301 (2024)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5437.3"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. A. \u00d6zak, A. Yanar, G. A. Boxshall,  \"Systematic Parasitology.\"  94, \"The discovery of Caligus macrurus Heller, 1865 (Copepoda: Caligidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, and the recognition of Sciaenophilus van Beneden, 1852 as a junior synonym of Caligus M\u00fcller, 1785.\" 97 (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-016-9682-4"},{"key":"60","unstructured":"N. K. Pillai,  \"Bulletin of the Research Institute, University of Kerala.\"  8, \"Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes. Part I. Caligidae.\" 87 (1961)"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. K. Pillai,  \"Crustaceana.\"  3, \"A revision of the genera Parapetalus Steenstrup & L\u00fctken and Pseudopetalus nov.\" 285 (1962)","DOI":"10.1163\/156854062X00526"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. K. Pillai,  \"Crustaceana.\"  5, \"Observations on the genus Abasia (Copepoda) with the description of a new species.\" 1 (1963)","DOI":"10.1163\/156854063X00011"},{"key":"63","unstructured":"N. K. Pillai,  \"The Fauna of India: Copepod Parasites of Marine Fishes.\"  900 (1985)"},{"key":"64","unstructured":"N. K. Pillai  and M. S. Hameed  \"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India.\"  23, \"Description of a new species of Parapetalus (Caligidae: Copepoda) from Kerala.\" 77 (1981)"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Prabha  and N. K. Pillai  \"Parasitology.\"  79, \"Pseudechetus fimbriatus gen. et sp. nov., a caligid copepod from Kerala coastal waters.\" 425 (1979)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000053828"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Prabha  and N. K. Pillai  \"Records of the Zoological Survey of India.\"  81, \"Additions to the copepods parasitic on the marine fishes of India. 2. Kabataella indica gen. et sp. nov. (Caligoida).\" 1 (1983)","DOI":"10.26515\/rzsi\/v81\/i1-2\/1983\/161246"},{"key":"68","unstructured":"M. P. Rangnekar,  \"Journal of the University of Bombay.\"  24, \"Parasitic copepods from the marine fishes of Bombay.\" 42 (1956)"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. P. Rangnekar,  \"Records of the Zoological Survey of India.\"  53, \"Mappates plataxus, gen. et sp. nov., a copepod parasitic on the fish, Platax teira (Forsk.).\" 303 (1958)","DOI":"10.26515\/rzsi\/v53\/i3-4\/1955\/162011"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. P. Rangnekar,  \"Crustaceana.\"  \"Parasitic copepods from marine fishes of Bombay.\" 344 (1984)","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004629363_036"},{"key":"71","unstructured":"P. G. Rangnekar  and N. N. Murti  \"Journal of the University of Bombay (B).\"  18, \"A new caligid copepod parasitic on the fish Clupea toli.\" 21 (1950)"},{"key":"72","unstructured":"M. V. Redkar, P. G. Rangnekar, N. N. Murti,  \"Journal of the University of Bombay.\"  18, \"Four new species of parasitic copepods from the marine fishes of Bombay.\" 36 (1949)"},{"key":"73","unstructured":"H. Rodger, A. Herrero, C. Matthews,  \"Sea Lice Biology and Control.\"  \"Pathologies associated with sea lice.\" 134 (2022)"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. R. Roubal, J. Armitage, K. Rohde,  \"Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series.\"  31, \"Taxonomy of metazoan ectoparasites of snapper, Chrysophrys autratus (family Sparidae), from southern Australia, eastern Australia and New Zealand.\" 1 (1983)","DOI":"10.1071\/AJZS094"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. S. Russell,  \"Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series.\"  9, \"A new species of Caligus from Egypt, Caligus pageti sp. n.\" 611 (1925)","DOI":"10.1080\/00222932508633257"},{"key":"76","unstructured":"C. J. Shen,  \"Acta Zoologica Sinica.\"  9, \"Parasitic copepods from fishes of China. II. Caligoida, Caligidae (1).\" 351 (1957)"},{"key":"77","unstructured":"S. M. Shiino,  \"Report of the Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie.\"  1, \"Copepods parasitic on Japanese fishes. I. On the species of Caligus and Lepeophtheirus.\" 79 (1952)"},{"key":"78","unstructured":"T. R. R. Stebbing,  \"Zoological Results Based on Material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and Elsewhere Collected During the Years 1895, 1896 and 1897.\"  \"On the Crustacea brought by Dr Wiley from the South Seas.\" 64 (1900)"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. J. S. Steenstrup  and C. F. L\u00fctken  \"Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Naturhistorisk og Mathematisk Afdeling.\"  5, \"Bidrag til Kundskab om det aabne Havs Snyltekrebs og Lernaeer samt om nogle andre nye eller hidtil kun ufuldstaendigt kjendte parasitiske Copepoder.\" 341 (1861)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.59539"},{"key":"80","unstructured":"E. Su\u00e1rez-Morales, I. H. Kim, J. B. Escamilla,  \"Zoological Studies.\"  51, \"On some caligids (Copepoda: Caligidae) from plankton of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico with a description of a new species of Metacaligus.\" 804 (2012)"},{"key":"81","unstructured":"G. M. Thomson,  \"Transactions of the New Zealand Institute.\"  22, \"Parasitic Copepoda of New Zealand, with descriptions of new species.\" 353 (1890)"},{"key":"82","unstructured":"R. Thomsen,  \"Comunicaciones Zool\u00f3gicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo.\"  3, \"Copepods parasites de los peces marinos del Uruguay.\" 1 (1949)"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. W. Treasurer  and S. Bravo  \"Aquaculture.\"  320, \"The spatial distribution patterns of Caligus rogercresseyi and C. elongatus on Atlantic salmon hosts (Salmo salar).\" 154 (2011)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.03.032"},{"key":"84","unstructured":"P. J. Van Beneden,  \"Bulletin de l'Academie royale de Belgique.\"  19, \"Note sur quelques parasites d'un poisson rare sur nos c\u00f4tes (le Maigre d'Europe, Sciaena aquila Cuv).\" 98 (1852)"},{"key":"85","unstructured":"P. J. Van Beneden,  \"Bulletin de l'Academie royale de Belgique.\"  3, \"Quelques nouveaux Caligid\u00e9s de la c\u00f4te d'Afrique et de l'archipel des A\u00e7ores.\" 241 (1892)"},{"key":"86","unstructured":"A. Von Nordmann,  \"Mikrographische Beitr\u00e4ge Zur Naturgeschichte der Wirbellosen Thiere.\"  150 (1832)"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. C. Walter  and G. Boxshall  \"World of Copepods Database.\"  (2024)","DOI":"10.14284\/356"},{"key":"88","unstructured":"C. B. Wilson,  \"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.\"  18, \"New species of parasitic copepods from the Massachusetts coast.\" 127 (1905)"},{"key":"89","unstructured":"C. B. Wilson,  \"Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar.\"  \"Report on some parasitic Copepoda collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902.\" 189 (1906)"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. B. Wilson,  \"Proceedings of the United States National Museum.\"  33, \"North American parasitic copepods: New genera and species of Caliginae.\" 593 (1908)","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.33-1580.593"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. B. Wilson,  \"Proceedings of the United States National Museum.\"  39, \"North American parasitic copepods: Descriptions of new genera and species.\" 263 (1911)","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.39-1788.263"},{"key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. B. Wilson,  \"Proceedings of the United States National Museum.\"  44, \"Crustacean parasites of West Indian fishes and land crabs, with descriptions of new genera and species.\" 189 (1913)","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.44-1950.189"},{"key":"93","unstructured":"S. Yamaguti,  \"Parasitic copepods from fishes of Japan. Part 2. Caligoida I.\"  1 (1936)"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Yamaguti,  \"Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.\"  3, \"Parasitic copepods from fishes of Celebes and Borneo.\" 375 (1954)","DOI":"10.5134\/174483"},{"key":"59","unstructured":"H. \u00d6Zdikmen,  \"Munis Entomology and Zoology.\"  3, \"Nomenclatural changes for nine crustacean genera (Crustacea: Copepoda).\" 265 (2008)"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Preibisch, S. Saalfeld, P. Tomancak,  \"Bioinformatics.\"  25, \"Globally optimal stitching of tiled 3D microscopic image acquisitions.\" 1463 (2009)","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp184"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:40:20Z","timestamp":1791243620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-parasitology\/volume-111\/issue-1\/24-97\/An-Updated-Key-to-the-Genera-of-Caligidae-Copepoda\/10.1645\/24-97.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/24-97","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3395","1937-2345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3395","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2345","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]}}}