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Torres,  \"Oecologia.\"  135, \"Parasite mediated mortality and host immune response explain age-related differences in blood parasitism in birds.\" 542 (2003)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-003-1223-6"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Adler, B. Travis, K. Kim, et al.  \"Great Lakes Entomologist.\"  15, \"Seasonal emergence patterns of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in northwestern Pennsylvania.\" 253 (1982)","DOI":"10.22543\/0090-0222.1448"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Alcala, T. Jenkins, P. Christe, et al.  \"Ecology Letters.\"  20, \"Host shift and cospeciation rate estimation from co-phylogenies.\" 1014 (2017)","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12799"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. F. Bennett  and M. 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Woodsworth, et al.  \"Canadian Atlas of Bird Banding, Vo. 1. Doves, Cuckoos, and Hummingbirds Through Passerines, 1921\u20131995.\"  391 (2000)"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"N. Chakarov, H. Kampen, A. Wiegmann, et al.  \"Parasites & Vectors.\"  13, \"Blood parasites in vectors reveal a united blackfly community in the upper canopy.\" 309 (2020)","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04177-0"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. R. Dawson, W. B. Stone, G. D. Ebel, et al.  \"Emerging Infectious Diseases.\"  13, \"Crow deaths caused by West Nile virus during winter.\" 1912 (2007)","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1312.070413"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. De Angeli Dutra, A. Filion, A. Fecchio, et al.  \"Oikos.\"  130, \"Migrant birds disperse haemosporidian parasites and affect their transmission in avian communities.\" 979 (2021)","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.08199"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. 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Graves,  \"Biology Letters.\"  2, \"Malarial parasites as geographical markers in migratory birds?\" 213 (2006)","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2005.0429"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. R. Foote, D. J. Mennill, L. M. Ratcliffe, et al.  \"Birds of the World, version 1.0.\"  \"Black-capped chickadee\u2014Poecile atricapillus.\" (2020)","DOI":"10.2173\/bow.bkcchi.01"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. C. Galen, E. Ostrow, S. Ray, et al.  \"Parasitology.\"  151, \"Migratory birds have a distinct haemosporidian community and are temporally decoupled from vector abundance at a stopover site.\" 1326 (2024)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182024001239"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. C. Galen, K. A. Speer, S. L. Perkins,  \"Journal of Animal Ecology.\"  88, \"Evolutionary lability of host associations promotes phylogenetic overdispersion of co-infecting blood parasites.\" 1936 (2019)","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13089"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"O. Glaizot, L. Fumagalli, K. Iritano, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  7, \"High prevalence and lineage diversity of avian malaria in wild populations of great tits (Parus major) and mosquitoes (Culex pipiens).\" e34964 (2012)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034964"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E. Gulliver, S. Hunter, L. Howe, et al.  \"Animals.\"  12, \"The pathology of fatal avian malaria due to Plasmodium elongatum (GRW6) and Plasmodium matutinum (LINN1) infection in New Zealand kiwi (Apteryx spp.).\" 3376 (2022)","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233376"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-L\u00f3pez, J. Mart\u00ednez-De La Puente, L. 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Wilson, et al.  \"Bioinfomatics.\"  28, \"Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data.\" 1647 (2012)","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. S. Kim  and Y. Tsuda  \"Molecular Ecology.\"  19, \"Seasonal changes in the feeding pattern of Culex pipiens pallens govern the transmission dynamics of multiple lineages of avian malaria parasites in Japanese wild bird community.\" 5545 (2010)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2010.04897.x"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. D. Koenig,  \"Condor.\"  103, \"Synchrony and periodicity of eruptions by boreal birds.\" 725 (2001)","DOI":"10.1093\/condor\/103.4.725"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F. Lalubin, A. Del\u00e9devant, O. Glaizot, et al.  \"Parasites & Vectors.\"  6, \"Temporal changes in mosquito abundance (Culex pipiens), avian malaria prevalence and lineage composition.\" 307 (2013)","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-3907"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. R. Loaiza  and M. Miller  \"Parasitology Research.\"  112, \"Seasonal pattern of avian Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes and implications for parasite transmission in central Panama.\" 3743 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3562-5"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. J. Lysyk,  \"Journal of Medical Entomology.\"  43, \"Abundance and species composition of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at cattle facilities in southern Alberta, Canada.\" 840 (2006)","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.5.840"},{"key":"51","unstructured":"M. Mayer,  \"confintr: Confidence intervals. R package version 1.0.3.\"  (2025)"},{"key":"53","unstructured":"P. G. 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Columbidae to Ploceidae.\"  731 (1997)"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. T. Reinoso-P\u00e9rez, K. V. Dhondt, H. Dulcet, et al.  \"Journal of Wildlife Diseases.\"  60, \"Seasonal variation in detection of haemosporidia in a bird community: A comparison of nested PCR and microscopy.\" 105 (2024)","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-23-00023"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. W. Reudink, S. G. Mech, S. P. Mullen, et al.  \"Auk.\"  124, \"Structure and dynamics of the hybrid zone between black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) in southeastern Pennsylvania.\" 463 (2007)","DOI":"10.1093\/auk\/124.2.463"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. E. Ricklefs, D. C. Outlaw, M. 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