{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:58:19Z","timestamp":1791233899177,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by members of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex, remains endemic in Iran. Genotype G6, classified within Echinococcus canadensis, is epidemiologically important because of its frequent occurrence in camels and its ability to cause human infection. This study compared the genetic diversity, haplotype composition, and phylogenetic relationships of Iranian G6 isolates using 129 publicly available mitochondrial sequences derived from 120 unique GenBank records, including 79 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 50 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NAD1) sequences. COI exhibited higher haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.518) and nucleotide diversity (\u03c0 = 0.00678) than NAD1 (Hd = 0.226 and \u03c0 = 0.00273, respectively), indicating greater resolution for detecting intraspecific variation. Tajima's D was significantly negative for both markers, whereas Fu's Fs was strongly negative for COI, indicating an excess of low-frequency variants and departure from the standard neutral-equilibrium model. Haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees revealed shared haplotypes and intermingled lineages among isolates from different host species, with no visually evident host-associated clustering within the mitochondrial fragments examined. These findings highlight the genetic diversity and epidemiological importance of G6 in Iran and support integrated surveillance involving camels, other susceptible intermediate hosts, and canid definitive hosts. Broader population-based studies incorporating additional geographic regions, host species, and independent genetic markers are required to clarify the population structure and transmission dynamics of G6.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1645\/25-78","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:26:38Z","timestamp":1789971998000},"page":"521-530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis of COI and NAD1 Genes in Animal and Human Isolates of Echinococcus canadensis (G6 Genotype) in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1645","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Latifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 14177-44361."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Alebouyeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 15468-15514."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Choobineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 14177-44361."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahram","family":"Nikmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 14177-44361."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1220","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. A. Aaty, D. Abdel-Hameed, Y. Alam-Eldin, et al.  \"Acta Tropica.\"  121, \"Molecular genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus in animal and human isolates from Egypt.\" 125 (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.10.014"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. A. Cucher, N. Macchiaroli, G. Baldi, et al.  \"Tropical Medicine & International Health.\"  21, \"Cystic echinococcosis in South America: Systematic review of species and genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in humans and natural domestic hosts.\" 166 (2016)","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12647"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"M. Ebrahimipour, S. M. Sadjjadi, H. Yousofi Darani, et al.  \"Iranian Journal of Parasitology.\"  12, \"Molecular studies on cystic echinococcosis of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) and report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Iran.\" 323 (2017)"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"J. Eckert, M. Gemmell, F.-X. Meslin, et al.  \"WHO\/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Public Health problem of Global Concern.\"  286 (2001)"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Karamian, F. Haghighi, M. Hemmati, et al.  \"Veterinary Parasitology.\"  245, \"Heterogeneity of Echinococcus canadensis genotype 6\u2014the main causative agent of cystic echinococcosis in Birjand, Eastern Iran.\" 78 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.08.018"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Hedayati, A. Daryani, S. Sarvi, et al.  \"Iranian Journal of Parasitology.\"  14, \"Molecular genotyping of the human cystic echinococcosis in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran.\" 151 (2019)","DOI":"10.18502\/ijpa.v14i1.730"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. J. Lymbery, E. J. Jenkins, J. M. Schurer, et al.  \"Trends in Parasitology.\"  31, \"Echinococcus canadensis, E. borealis, and E. intermedius. 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Pianciola, et al.  \"Parasitology International.\"  59, \"Molecular characterization of Echinococcus isolates indicates goats as reservoir for Echinococcus canadensis G6 genotype in Neuqu\u00e9n, Patagonia, Argentina.\" 626 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2010.07.003"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. Thompson  and D. Jenkins  \"International Journal for Parasitology.\"  44, \"Echinococcus as a model system: Biology and epidemiology.\" 865 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.07.005"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"M. Zeinali, M. Mohebali, M. R. Shirzadi, et al.  \"Iranian Journal of Public Health.\"  46, \"Human cystic echinococcosis in different geographical zones of Iran: An observational study during 1995-2014.\" 1623 (2017)"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Kumar, G. Stecher, M. Suleski, et al.  \"Molecular Biology and Evolution.\"  41, \"MEGA12: Molecular evolutionary genetic analysis version 12 for adaptive and green computing.\" msae263 (2024)","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae263"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. E. Ramos-Onsins  and J. Rozas  \"Molecular Biology and Evolution.\"  19, \"Statistical properties of new neutrality tests against population growth.\" 2092 (2002)","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004034"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. W. Leigh  and D. Bryant  \"Methods in Ecology and Evolution.\"  6, \"POPART: full-feature software for haplotype network construction.\" 1110 (2015)","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12410"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Rozas, A. Ferrer-Mata, J. C. S\u00e1nchez-DelBarrio, et al.  \"Molecular Biology and Evolution.\"  34, \"DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets.\" 3299 (2017)","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx248"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:27:30Z","timestamp":1791232050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-parasitology\/volume-112\/issue-5\/25-78\/Comparative-Phylogenetic-Analysis-of-COI-and-NAD1-Genes-in-Animal\/10.1645\/25-78.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/25-78","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3395","1937-2345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3395","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2345","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]}}}