{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:36:02Z","timestamp":1793439362181,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 14-year-old unsexed African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) was presented with a 12-hour history of neurological signs and vomiting. The external physical examination of the patient revealed lethargy, moderate hypothermia, a head tilt, and horizontal nystagmus. Whole-body radiographic imaging and blood biochemistry parameters were unremarkable, and a serological test to detect bornavirus was negative. A computed tomography scan of the bird revealed a large cystic lesion located on the fourth ventricle of the brain. In spite of treatment (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotic and antiparasitic therapy), the parrot's health continued to decline, and it was euthanatized 12 days after presentation. A complete postmortem examination was performed on the patient's brain. Histopathological interpretation of tissues submitted described a large neoformation composed of cells arranged in perivascular pseudorosettes. Hyperchromatic nuclei and marked anisokaryosis were suggestive of a malignant tumor. The tissue mass was associated with significant dilation of the fourth ventricle and a severe peripheral gliosis. The histopathological diagnosis of the neoformation was an ependymoma. Ependymomas are glial tumors of the ependymal cells that line the central canal and the ventricles of the brain and are rarely described in mammals. In birds, ependymomas were only described in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). In human medicine, the recommended treatment is surgical removal of the tumor when possible, followed by radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1647\/1082-6742-35.1.75","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T23:07:54Z","timestamp":1618960074000},"page":"75-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Brain Ependymoma in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)"],"prefix":"10.1647","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Sailler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00efa","family":"Vanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Larrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Risi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1222","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"MG Hawkins, DS-M Guzman, H Beaufrere,  \"Exotic Animal Formulary.\"  , \"Hematologic and biochemical values of selected Psittaciformes.\" 284 (2018)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BL Raphael, RM Clemmons, HT Nguyen,  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  177, \"Glioblastoma multiforme in a budgerigar.\" 923 (1980)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.177.09.923"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"L. Arnall,  \"Vet Rec.\"  73, \"Further experiences with cage birds.\" 1146 (1961)"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"ML Petrak  and CE Gilmore  \"Diseases of Cage and Aviary Birds.\"  , \"Neoplams.\" 607 (1982)"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Suchy, H Weissenb\u00f6ck, P Schmidt,  \"Avian Pathol.\"  28, \"Intracranial tumors in budgerigars.\" 125 (1999)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459994849"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Reni, G Gatta, E Mazza, et al.  \"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol.\"  63, \"Ependymoma.\" 81 (2007)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.03.004"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Atalay Vural, O Besalti, F Ilhan,  \"Vet J.\"  172, \"Ventricular ependymoma in a German shepherd dog.\" 185 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.02.014"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HR Vries-Chalmers, JH Vos, JJ Van Nes,  \"Vet Q.\"  10, \"Spinal cord ependymoma in two young dogs.\" 205 (1988)","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1988.9694172"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Ueno, M Morimoto, Y Kobayashi,  \"Aust Vet J.\"  84, \"Surgical and radiotherapy treatment of a spinal cord ependymoma in a dog.\" 36 (2006)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.tb13121.x"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W Ingwersen, S Groom, J Parent,  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  195, \"Vestibular syndrome associated with an ependymoma in a cat.\" 98 (1989)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.01.98"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DJ Simpson, GB Hunt, PLC Tisdall,  \"Aust Vet J.\"  77, \"Surgical removal of an ependymoma from the third ventricle of a cat.\" 645 (1999)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1999.tb13150.x"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Woolford, A De Lahunta, K Baiker,  \"Vet Pathol.\"  50, \"Ventricular and extraventricular ependymal tumors in 18 cats.\" 243 (2013)","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812452580"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ Carrigan, RJ Higgins, GP Carlson, et al.  \"Vet Pathol.\"  33, \"Equine papillary ependymoma.\" 77 (1996)","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589603300109"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H De Bosschere, S Roels,  Vanopdenbosch,  \"Vlaams Dierg Tijd.\"  72, \"Ependymoma in a sheep.\" 364 (2003)","DOI":"10.21825\/vdt.89248"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Yamasaki  and Y Fukushima  \"Jikken Dobutsu.\"  35, \"Ependymoma in a rat.\" 509 (1986)","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim1978.35.4_509"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"RJ Kinkler  and PL Jepsen  \"Lab Anim Sci.\"  29, \"Ependymoma in a rabbit.\" 255 (1989)"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VF Nettles  and M Vandevelde  \"Vet Pathol.\"  15, \"Thalamic ependymoma in a white-tailed deer.\" 133 (1978)","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587801500115"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DK Nichols  and JLC Dias  \"J Med Primatol.\"  24, \"Melanotic ependymoma in a Goeldi's marmoset (Callimico goeldii).\" 49 (1995)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1995.tb00144.x"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FG Andrade, PH De Aguiar, H Matushita,  \"Arq Neuropsiquiatr.\"  67, \"Intracranial and spinal ependymoma.\" 626 (2009)","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2009000400010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:24:31Z","timestamp":1793438671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-avian-medicine-and-surgery\/volume-35\/issue-1\/1082-6742-35.1.75\/Brain-Ependymoma-in-an-African-Grey-Parrot-Psittacus-erithacus-erithacus\/10.1647\/1082-6742-35.1.75.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1647\/1082-6742-35.1.75","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-6742","1938-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-6742","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]}}}