{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:55:58Z","timestamp":1791248158223,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The decontamination process for plumage-contaminated wild birds, such as those affected by oil spills, is lengthy and involves manual restraint and manipulation of all body parts. Birds commonly react to this in ways that suggest they are extremely stressed (eg, struggling, vocalizing). We proposed to reduce stress during the wash process using sedation and hypothesized that the use of sedation would not negatively impact survival. Contaminated birds in need of washing were randomly selected to be either sedated (butorphanol 2 mg\/kg IM + midazolam 1 mg\/kg IM and flumazenil 0.1 mg\/kg IM for reversal) or not sedated at 3 US rehabilitation centers over the course of 1 year. Response to sedation was rated on a scale of 0\u20134 with 0 as no effect to 4 as excessively sedate. Data such as cloacal temperatures at various time points, lengths of various portions of the wash process, preening behavior in the drying pen, and disposition were collected. No statistical differences were found between sedated and nonsedated birds for any of the data points collected, including survival. There was a significant association between birds with higher cloacal temperatures in the drying pen and with birds held longer in the drying pen with improved survival; however, these findings were unrelated to whether the birds were sedated. Our findings show that sedation with butorphanol 2 mg\/ kg IM and midazolam 1 mg\/kg IM reversed with flumazenil 0.1 mg\/kg IM can be used during the wash process for wild birds without adverse effects. Careful attention must be given to heat support for all birds while drying to prevent hypothermia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1647\/avianms-d-23-00030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T02:17:11Z","timestamp":1719973031000},"page":"67-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Manual Restraint With and Without Sedation on Outcomes for Wild Birds Undergoing Decontamination"],"prefix":"10.1647","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Cristin N.","family":"Kelley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terra R.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Clatterbuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Knapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Skoglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Duerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1222","reference":[{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Le Net, DM Mulcahy, A Santamaria-Bouvier,  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  50, \"Intranasal administration of midazolam hydrochloride improves survival in female surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) surgically implanted with intracoelomic transmitters.\" 167 (2019)","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0115"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MC Spriggs, DJ Rizzolo, KH Martin,  \"J Wildl Manag.\"  85, \"Effects of midazolam on corticosterone and blood gases in spectacled eiders prior to transmitter implantation.\" 909 (2021)","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.22046"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FS. Tseng,  \"Semin Avian Exot Pet Med.\"  8, \"Considerations in care for birds affected by oil spills.\" 21 (1999)","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-937X(99)80032-2"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"\"R: A language and environment for statistical computing.\""},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GA Doss  and C Mans  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  31, \"The effect of manual restraint on physiological parameters in barred owls (Strix varia).\" 1 (2017)","DOI":"10.1647\/2016-167"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Mans, DSM Guzman, LL Lahner,  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  26, \"Sedation and physiologic response to manual restraint after intranasal administration of midazolam in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).\" 130 (2012)","DOI":"10.1647\/2011-037R.1"},{"key":"1","unstructured":""},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Mans,  \"J Exotic Pet Med.\"  23, \"Sedation of pet birds.\" 152 (2014)","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2014.02.009"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"IH Horowitz, G Vaadia, S Landau,  \"Israel J Vet Med.\"  69, \"Butorphanolmidazolam combination injection for sedation of great white pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus).\" 35 (2014)"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"EA Miller  and SC. Welte  \"Zoo & Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy.\"  4, \"Caring for oiled birds.\" 300 (1999)"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EI Buttler, HG Gilchrist, S Descamps,  \"J Wildl Manage.\"  75, \"Handling stress of female common eiders during avian cholera outbreaks.\" 283 (2011)","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.38"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"\"Protocols for the Care of Oil-affected Birds.\"  95 (2014)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:29:26Z","timestamp":1791246566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-avian-medicine-and-surgery\/volume-38\/issue-2\/AVIANMS-D-23-00030\/Comparison-of-Manual-Restraint-With-and-Without-Sedation-on-Outcomes\/10.1647\/AVIANMS-D-23-00030.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1647\/avianms-d-23-00030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-6742","1938-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-6742","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]}}}