{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:56:44Z","timestamp":1791237404114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Desert rose (Adenium obesum) is a plant from the family Apocynaceace that can cause cardiac glycoside toxicosis if ingested. A 33-year-old male blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) ate a desert rose flower from an indoor houseplant. After ingestion, the patient fell onto the floor, regained its balance, and then ran to its owners who witnessed the patient \u201cfoaming at the mouth\u201d with its \u201ccheeks turning blue.\u201d The macaw proceeded to collapse, continued to foam at the mouth, and had what appeared to be a seizure. Upon presentation 2 hours postexposure, the macaw was moribund, in shock, and recumbent with rigid limbs and had dark blue cheeks and severe bradycardia (40 beats per minute). The bird was placed in flow-by oxygen in a warm incubator and, shortly thereafter, began regurgitating frank blood and passing melena. The patient's treatment protocol included atropine, parenteral fluids, dextrose, calcium-gluconate, vitamins, anti-inflammatory therapy, antibiotics, and activated charcoal gavage. The initial plasma biochemistry panel revealed a severe hyperkalemia (&gt;10 mmol\/L) that was treated with furosemide. Diagnostic testing and supportive treatment continued for 12 days, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Continuous incubator flow-by oxygen coupled with multiple hyperbaric oxygen treatments significantly improved perfusion, facilitating recovery. Three years following exposure to the desert rose flower, the owners consider the bird to have normal behavior and no clinical signs associated with the toxicosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1647\/avianms-d-25-00002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T03:13:16Z","timestamp":1773198796000},"page":"77-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Successful Treatment of Desert Rose (Adenium obesum ) Toxicosis in a Blue and Gold Macaw (Ara ararauna)"],"prefix":"10.1647","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"April","family":"Romagnano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kian","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Monteith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Cray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1222","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Yamauchi  and F Abe  \"Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo).\"  38, \"Cardiac glycosides and pregnanes from Adenium obesum (studies on the constituents of Adenium I.).\" 669 (1990)","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.38.669"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Siroka,  \"Toxins.\"  15, \"Toxicity of house plants to pet animals.\" 346 (2023)","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15050346"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SE. Oerther,  \"J Emerg Nurs.\"  37, \"Plant poisonings: common plants that contain cardiac glycosides.\" 102 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2010.09.008"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KM Alanazi, MA Ali, SY Kim,  \"Saudi J Biol Sci.\"  28, \"The cp genome characterization of Adenium obesum: gene content, repeat organization and phylogeny.\" 3768 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.03.048"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DM Roberts, G Gallapatthy, A Dunuwille,  \"Br J Clin Pharmocol.\"  81, \"Pharmacological treatment of cardiac glycoside poisoning.\" 488 (2015)","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12814"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CA. 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Part 2: application in disease.\" 289 (2010)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00535_1.x"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"A Romagnano, C Cray, L Phillips,  \"Proc AAV.\"  \"Extensive eye and face trauma: treated successfully with hyperbaric oxygen therapy post-enucleation.\" 139 (2017)"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"AM Duke, MC Woodward, TN Tully,  \"Proc ExoticsCon.\"  2021, \"Evaluation of the safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).\" 13"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RT Bachand  and P Somani  \"Life Sciences.\"  6, \"Digitalis intoxication: protection with hyperbaric oxygen.\" 739 (1967)","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(67)90129-4"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GE Burrows  and RJ Tyrl  \"Toxic Plants of North America.\"  (2013)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118413425"}],"container-title":["Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:13:14Z","timestamp":1791234794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-avian-medicine-and-surgery\/volume-40\/issue-1\/AVIANMS-D-25-00002\/Successful-Treatment-of-Desert-Rose-Adenium-obesum--Toxicosis-in\/10.1647\/AVIANMS-D-25-00002.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1647\/avianms-d-25-00002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-6742","1938-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-6742","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]}}}