{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:50:48Z","timestamp":1791237048146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An approximately 5-year-old male mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was presented for assessment and treatment of bilateral mandibular ramal fractures. Physical examination revealed the presence of complete, open mandibular fractures at the rostral third of both mandibles, with ventral displacement of the rostral segments. An initial repair attempt consisted of a suture passed between the proximal and rostral fragments to form a simple interrupted suture on each side, which failed soon after the procedure. The second repair used a 1.1-mm nonthreaded Steinman pin inserted through the fracture site into the right rostral mandibular fragment, then pulled retrograde into the right proximal fragment. The exposed rostral end of the pin was bent ventrally at a 90\u00b0 angle. This was repeated on the left side. Next, 1.1-mm threaded pins were inserted ventrally into the mandibular rami and directed dorsally, engaging both ventral and dorsal mandibular cortices. The exposed ends of the nonthreaded and threaded pins were cut short and joined with intravenous tubing filled with methyl methacrylate, forming a type I extra-skeletal fixator on each side. An additional crossbar was applied to the rostral pins using intravenous tubing filled with methyl methacrylate, providing interfixator stability. The patient was housed in a protected environment and demonstrated immediate return to normal feeding behavior. Thirty-eight days after the second repair, the bird was found to have removed the entire fixator apparatus; however, on recheck, the fracture site showed excellent stability and functional healing. The bird remained fully functional 4.5 years after the mandibular fracture repair surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1647\/avianms-d-25-00046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:34:02Z","timestamp":1779269642000},"page":"134-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bilateral Mandibular Fracture Repair with an External Skeletal Fixator Intramedullary Pin Tie-in in a Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)"],"prefix":"10.1647","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Evanna","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Speer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1222","reference":[{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GH. Olsen,  \"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract.\"  6, \"Oral biology and beak disorders of birds.\" 505 (2003)","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-9194(03)00030-6"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KC. Fletcher,  \"J Zoo Anim Med.\"  10, \"Repair of bilateral mandibular fractures in a shoebill stork (Balaeniceps rex).\" 69 (1979)","DOI":"10.2307\/20094421"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PJ Morris, JP Weigel, L Wolf,  \"J Assoc Avian Vet.\"  4, \"Methacrylate beak prosthesis in a Marabou stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus).\" 103 (1990)","DOI":"10.2307\/30136892"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"D Monks, S Miles, E Sciacca,  \"Proc Association of Avian Veterinarians Australasian Committee.\"  25, \"Treatment of bilateral mandibular fractures in a goose (Anser anser domesticus).\" 51 (2017)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CC Ashe, F Morandi, C Greenacre,  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  234, \"What is your diagnosis?\" 455 (2009)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.4.455"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HS Bhabhor, M Tanwar, P Bishnoi,  \"J Camel Pract Res.\"  31, \"Surgical repair of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius).\" 71 (2024)","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-8934.2024.00012.2"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MR Nau  and D Eshar  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  252, \"Rostral mandibular fracture repair in a pet bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps).\" 982 (2018)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.252.8.982"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Freeman  and P Southerden  \"J Feline Med Surg.\"  25, \"Mandibular fracture repair techniques in cats: a dentist's perspective.\" 1098612X231152521 (2023)","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X231152521"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Lewer, SB Gustafson, PM Rist,  \"J Vet Dent.\"  24, \"Mandibular fracture repair in a harbor seal.\" 95 (2007)","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640702400205"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Guzu  and PR Hennet  \"Vet Surg.\"  46, \"Mandibular body fracture repair with wire-reinforced interdental composite splint in small dogs.\" 1068 (2017)","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12691"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Hatt, C Christen, P Sandmeier,  \"Vet Rec.\"  160, \"Clinical application of an external fixator in the repair of bone fractures in 28 birds.\" 188 (2007)","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.160.6.188"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"M Muller  and J Nafeez  \"Falco.\"  29, \"Use of the FixEx Tubulaire type FESSA system for tibiotarsal fractures in falcons.\" 25 (2007)"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Calvo Carrasco, TAG Dutton, N Shimizu,  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  30, \"Distraction osteogenesis correction of mandibular ramis fracture malunion in a juvenile mute swan (Cygnus olor).\" 30 (2016)","DOI":"10.1647\/2015-080"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Min, MJ Sadar, T Wells,  \"Top Companion Anim Med.\"  66, \"Surgical stabilization of a mandibular fracture in a pet African goose (Anser anser domesticus) with bilateral mandibular fractures.\" 100978 (2025)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.100978"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Woodbridge  and M Owen  \"J Feline Med Surg.\"  15, \"Feline mandibular fractures: a significant surgical challenge.\" 211 (2013)","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13477541"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"\"Small Animal Surgery.\"  (2019)"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JA Rubin, JJ Runge, M Mison,  \"Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery.\"  \"Surgery.\" 631 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-4671-2.00030-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:53:43Z","timestamp":1791233623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-avian-medicine-and-surgery\/volume-40\/issue-2\/AVIANMS-D-25-00046\/Bilateral-Mandibular-Fracture-Repair-with-an-External-Skeletal-Fixator-Intramedullary\/10.1647\/AVIANMS-D-25-00046.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1647\/avianms-d-25-00046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-6742","1938-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-6742","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]}}}