{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:35:06Z","timestamp":1793439306953,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent epidemiological findings and reanalysis of historical data suggest lens opacities resulting from ionizing radiation exposures are likely induced at lower doses than previously thought. These observations have led to ICRP recommendations for a reduction in the occupational dose limits for the eye lens, as well as subsequent implementation in EU member states. The EU CONCERT LDLensRad project was initiated to further understand the effects of ionizing radiation on the lens and identify the mechanism(s) involved in radiation-induced cataract, as well as the impact of dose and dose-rate. Here, we present the results of a long-term study of changes to lens opacity in male and female adult mice from a variety of different genetic (radiosensitive or radioresistant) backgrounds, including mutant strains Ercc2 and Ptch1, which were assumed to be susceptible to radiation-induced lens opacities. Mice received 0.5, 1 and 2 Gy 60Co gamma-ray irradiation at dose rates of 0.063 and 0.3 Gy min\u20131. Scheimpflug imaging was used to quantify lens opacification as an early indicator of cataract, with monthly observations taken postirradiation for an 18-month period in all strains apart from 129S2, which were observed for 12 months. Opacification of the lens was found to increase with time postirradiation (with age) for most mouse models, with ionizing radiation exposure increasing opacities further. Sex, dose, dose rate and genetic background were all found to be significant contributors to opacification; however, significant interactions were identified, which meant that the impact of these factors was strain dependent. Mean lens density increased with higher dose and dose rate in the presence of Ercc2 and Ptch1 mutations. This project was the first to focus on low (&lt;1 Gy) dose, multiple dose rate, sex and strain effects in lens opacification, and clearly demonstrates the importance of these experimental factors in radiobiological investigations on the lens. The results provide insight into the effects of ionizing radiation on the lens as well as the need for further work in this area to underpin appropriate radiation protection legislation and guidance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1667\/rade-20-00266.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T03:21:00Z","timestamp":1641180060000},"page":"57-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Radiation-Induced Lens Opacity and Cataractogenesis: A Lifetime Study Using Mice of Varying Genetic Backgrounds"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"McCarron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. G. R.","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Babini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Dalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Graw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Moquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pawliczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pazzaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"De Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Ainsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"for the LDLensRad Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JR Dynlacht, C Tyree, S Valluri, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  165, \"Effect of estrogen on radiation-induced cataractogenesis.\" 9 (2006)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3481.1"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Henderson, S Valluri, J Garrett, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  173, \"Effects of estrogen and gender on cataractogenesis induced by high-LET radiation.\" 191 (2010)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1917.1"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SGR Barnard, R McCarron, J Moquet, et al.  \"Sci Rep.\"  9, \"Inverse dose-rate effect of ionising radiation on residual 53BP1 foci in the eye lens.\" 10418 (2019)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46893-3"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JR. 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protection context.\" 1 (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.02.001"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"K Kohale, A Kelkar, P Parab,  \"Comp Med.\"  54, \"Dense cataract and microphthalmia \u2013 new spontaneous mutation in BALB\/c mice.\" 275 (2004)"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Graw,  \"Hum Genet.\"  138, \"Mouse models for microphthalmia, anophthalmia and cataracts.\" 1007 (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-019-01995-w"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JO Fuss  and JA Tainer  \"DNA Repair (Amst).\"  10, \"XPB and XPD helicases in TFIIH orchestrate DNA duplex opening and damage verification to coordinate repair with transcription and cell cycle via CAK kinase.\" 697 (2011)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2011.04.028"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"XX Chi, YY Liu, SN Shi, et al.  \"Mol Vis.\"  21, \"XRCC1 and XPD genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to age-related cataract: a meta-analysis.\" 335 (2015)"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MG Reinders, AF van Hout, B Cosgun, et al.  \"Mol Genet Genomic Med.\"  6, \"New mutations and an updated database for the patched-1 (PTCH1) gene.\" 409 (2018)","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.380"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EM Nowosielska, A Cheda, J Wrembel-Wargocka, et al.  \"Dose Response.\"  10, \"Effect of low doses of low-let radiation on the innate anti-tumor reactions in radioresistant and radiosensitive mice.\" 500 (2012)","DOI":"10.2203\/dose-response.12-018.Nowosielska"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AA Kalligeraki, A Isted, M Jarrin, et al.  \"Sci Rep.\"  10, \"Three-dimensional data capture and analysis of intact eye lenses evidences emmetropia-associated changes in epithelial cell organization.\" 16898 (2020)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73625-9"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O Puk, C Dalke, J Calzada-Wack, et al.  \"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.\"  50, \"Reduced corneal thickness and enlarged anterior chamber in a novel ColVIIIa2G257D mutant mouse.\" 5653 (2009)","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3550"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Zetterberg  and D Celojevic  \"Curr Eye Res.\"  40, \"Gender and cataract\u2013the role of estrogen.\" 176 (2015)","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.898774"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TV Azizova, N Hamada, EV Bragin, et al.  \"Radiat Environ Biophys.\"  58, \"Risk of cataract removal surgery in Mayak PA workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods.\" 139 (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-019-00787-0"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JR Dynlacht, S Valluri, J Lopez, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  170, \"Estrogen protects against radiation-induced cataractogenesis.\" 758 (2008)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1416.1"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Wegener  and H Laser-Junga  \"Clin Exp Ophthalmol.\"  37, \"Photography of the anterior eye segment according to Scheimpflug's principle: options and limitations \u2013 a review.\" 144 (2009)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2009.02018.x"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"B Magno, V Freidlin, M Datiles,  \"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.\"  35, \"Reproducibility of the NEI Scheimpflug Cataract Imaging System.\" 3078 (1994)"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DS Grewal  and SP Grewal  \"Saudi J Ophthalmol.\"  26, \"Clinical applications of Scheimpflug imaging in cataract surgery.\" 25 (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2011.11.001"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Pawliczek, C Dalke, H Fuchs, et al.  \"Exp Eye Res.\"  190, \"Spectral domain - Optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) as a monitoring tool for alterations in mouse lenses.\" 107871 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107871"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FA. Cucinotta,  \"Health Phys.\"  108, \"Review of NASA approach to space radiation risk assessments for Mars exploration.\" 131 (2015)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000000255"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RE. Shore,  \"Mutat Res.\"  770, \"Radiation and cataract risk: Impact of recent epidemiologic studies on ICRP judgments.\" 231 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2016.06.006"}],"container-title":["Radiation Research"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:15:07Z","timestamp":1793438107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/radiation-research\/volume-197\/issue-1\/RADE-20-00266.1\/Radiation-Induced-Lens-Opacity-and-Cataractogenesis--A-Lifetime-Study\/10.1667\/RADE-20-00266.1.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/rade-20-00266.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-7587","1938-5404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-5404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]}}}