{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:29:59Z","timestamp":1793442599102,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, it has been proposed that the doses received from 133Xe released during the accident in 1979 at the Three Mile Island (TMI) plant in Pennsylvania were much higher than has been conventionally assessed, due to a gross underestimation of the relative biological effectiveness of electrons from beta-particle-emitting radionuclides within the body. The central evidence cited in support of this proposal was the doses derived from cytogenetic analyses of blood sampled in the mid-1990s from people living near TMI at the time of the accident. However, the chromosome aberration data show a marked discrepancy in biodosimetric estimates evaluated from the frequencies of stable translocations and unstable dicentrics (corrected for temporal attenuation), strongly suggesting that exposures to clastogenic agents occurred long after the TMI accident. Few details have been reported on the people providing the blood samples and how they were selected for study. Crucially, this lack of information includes the distributions in the exposed and control groups of age at sampling, which is a critical factor in interpreting translocation data. Contrary to the recent claim, these cytogenetic data offer no support to the suggestion of a serious underestimation of internal doses from beta particles or from 133Xe discharged during the TMI accident.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1667\/rade-21-00046.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T04:12:46Z","timestamp":1621483966000},"page":"584-589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chromosome Aberrations in a Group of People Exposed to Radioactive Releases from the Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident and Inferences for Radiation Effects"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9778"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wakeford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Hatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9778"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Ainsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Janet","family":"Tawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired, formerly with the Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AA Edwards  and DC Lloyd  \"J Radiol Prot.\"  18, \"Risks from ionising radiation: deterministic effects.\" 175 (1998)","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/18\/3\/004"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Snigiryova, H Braselmann, K Salassidis, et al.  \"Int J Radiat Biol.\"  71, \"Retrospective biodosimetry of Chernobyl cleanup workers using chromosome painting and conventional chromosome analysis.\" 119 (1997)","DOI":"10.1080\/095530097144247"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Sigurdson, M Ha, M Hauptmann, et al.  \"Mutat Res.\"  652, \"International study of factors affecting human chromosome translocations.\" 112 (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.01.005"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Durante  and SC Formenti  \"Front Oncol.\"  8, \"Radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and immunotherapy: Micronuclei, cytosolic DNA, and interferon-production pathway.\" 192 (2018)","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00192"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"et al.  \"Ann N Y Acad Sci.\"  365, \"The Three Mile Island nuclear accident: Lessons and implications.\" 1 (1981)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb18143.x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"et al.  \"Annex F: Exposures resulting from nuclear power production.\"  , \"Report to the General Assembly, with Annexes.\" 249 (1982)","DOI":"10.18356\/e4361b98-en"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"JG Kemeny, B Babbitt, P Haggerty, et al.  \"Report of the President's Commission on the accident at Three Mile Island.\"  , 1 (1979)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MC Hatch, J Beyea, JW Nieves, et al.  \"Am J Epidemiol.\"  132, \"Cancer near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant: radiation emissions.\" 397 (1990)","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115673"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Hatch  and M Susser  \"Int J Epidemiol.\"  19, \"Background gamma radiation and childhood cancers within ten miles of a US nuclear plant.\" 546 (1990)","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/19.3.546"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EO Talbott, AO Youk, KP McHugh, et al.  \"Environ Health Perspect.\"  108, \"Mortality among the residents of the Three Mile Island accident area: 1979\u20131992.\" 545 (2000)","DOI":"10.2307\/3454617"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EO Talbott, AO Youk, KP McHugh-Pemu, et al.  \"Environ Health Perspect.\"  111, \"Long-term follow-up of the residents of the Three Mile Island accident area: 1979\u20131998.\" 341 (2003)","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5662"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y-Y Han, AO Youk, H Sasser, et al.  \"Environ Res.\"  111, \"Cancer incidence among residents of the Three Mile Island accident area: 1982\u20131995.\" 1230 (2011)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2011.08.005"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Wing, D Richardson, D Armstrong, et al.  \"Environ Health Perspect.\"  105, \"A reevaluation of cancer incidence near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant: the collision of evidence and assumptions.\" 52 (1997)","DOI":"10.2307\/3433062"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Hatch, M Susser, J Beyea,  \"Environ Health Perspect.\"  105, \"Comments on \u201cA reevaluation of cancer incidence near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant\u201d.\" 12 (1997)","DOI":"10.2307\/3433042"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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