{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:34:28Z","timestamp":1793428468831,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a study employing MRI-guided stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) in two orthotopic rodent brain tumor models, the radiation dose yielding 50% survival (the TCD50) was sought. Syngeneic 9L cells, or human U-251N cells, were implanted stereotactically in 136 Fischer 344 rats or 98 RNU athymic rats, respectively. At approximately 7 days after implantation for 9L, and 18 days for U-251N, rats were imaged with contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) and then irradiated using a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) operating at 220 kV and 13 mA with an effective energy of \u223c70 keV and dose rate of \u223c2.5 Gy per min. Radiation doses were delivered as single fractions. Cone-beam CT images were acquired before irradiation, and tumor volumes were defined using co-registered CE-MRI images. Treatment planning using MuriPlan software defined four non-coplanar arcs with an identical isocenter, subsequently accomplished by the SARRP. Thus, the treatment workflow emulated that of current clinical practice. The study endpoint was animal survival to 200 days. The TCD50 inferred from Kaplan-Meier survival estimation was approximately 25 Gy for 9L tumors and below 20 Gy, but within the 95% confidence interval in U-251N tumors. Cox proportional-hazards modeling did not suggest an effect of sex, with the caveat of wide confidence intervals. Having identified the radiation dose at which approximately half of a group of animals was cured, the biological parameters that accompany radiation response can be examined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1667\/rade-22-00048.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T11:31:48Z","timestamp":1674127908000},"page":"217-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of the Response of 9L and U-251N Orthotopic Brain Tumors to 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"O. Grahm","family":"Valadie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelynn","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tavarekere N.","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glauber","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheldon","family":"Shadaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George W.","family":"Divine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Rusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Joiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Ewing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DR Johnson  and BP O'Neill  \"J Neurooncol.\"  107, \"Glioblastoma survival in the United States before and during the temozolomide era.\" 359 (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0749-4"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Patel, JE Kim, J Ruzevick, et al.  \"Cancers.\"  6, 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Notice number: NOT-OD-15-102.\"  (2015)"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Folkman,  \"N Engl J Med.\"  285, \"Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications.\" 1182 (1971)","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197111182852108"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Folkman,  \"J Natl Cancer Inst.\"  82, \"What is the evidence that tumors are angiogenesis dependent?\" 4 (1990)","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.1.4"},{"key":"48","unstructured":"J. Folkman,  \"Semin Cancer Biol.\"  3, \"The role of angiogenesis in tumor growth.\" 65 (1992)"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JR Ewing, TN Nagaraja, MP Aryal, et al.  \"NMR Biomed.\"  28, \"Peritumoral tissue compression is predictive of exudate flux in a rat model of cerebral tumor: an MRI study in an embedded tumor.\" 1557 (2015)","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3418"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SL Brown, TN Nagaraja, MP Aryal, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  183, \"MRI-tracked tumor vascular changes in the hours after single-fraction irradiation.\" 713 (2015)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR13458.1"}],"container-title":["Radiation Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/radiation-research\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1667\/RADE-22-00048.1\/3182290\/10.1667_rade-22-00048.1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/radiation-research\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1667\/RADE-22-00048.1\/3182290\/10.1667_rade-22-00048.1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:21:52Z","timestamp":1793427712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/radiation-research\/volume-199\/issue-3\/RADE-22-00048.1\/Characterization-of-the-Response-of-9L-and-U-251N-Orthotopic\/10.1667\/RADE-22-00048.1.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/rade-22-00048.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-7587","1938-5404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-5404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]}}}