{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:56:55Z","timestamp":1791248215588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the natural history of a murine total-abdominal-irradiation exposure model to measure gastrointestinal acute radiation injury. Male CD2F1 mice at 12 to 15 weeks old received total-abdominal irradiation using 4-MV linear accelerator X-rays doses of 0, 11, 13.5, 15, 15.75 and 16.5 Gy (2.75 Gy\/min). Daily cage-side (i.e., in the animal housing room) observations of clinical signs and symptoms including body weights on all animals were measured up to 10 days after exposure. Jejunum tissues from cohorts of mice were collected at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after exposure and radiation injury was assessed by histopathological analyses. Results showed time- and dose-dependent loss of body weight [for example at 7 days: 0.66 (\u00b10.80) % loss for 0 Gy, 6.40 (\u00b10.76) % loss at 11 Gy, 9.43 (\u00b12.06) % loss at 13.5 Gy, 23.53 (\u00b11.91) % loss at 15 Gy, 29.97 (\u00b11.16) % loss at 15.75 Gy, and 31.79 (\u00b10.76) % loss at 16.5 Gy]. Negligible clinical signs and symptoms, except body weight changes, of radiation injury were observed up to 10 days after irradiation with doses of 11 to 15 Gy. Progressive increases in the severity of clinical signs and symptoms were found after irradiation with doses &gt;15 Gy. Jejunum histology showed a progressive dose-dependent increase in injury. For example, at 7 days postirradiation, the percent of crypts, compared to controls, decreased to 82.3 (\u00b19.5), 69.2 (\u00b112.3), 45.4 (\u00b111.9), 18.0 (\u00b13.4), and 11.5 (\u00b11.8) with increases in doses from 11 to 16.5 Gy. A mucosal injury scoring system was used that mainly focused on changes in villus morphology damage (i.e., subepithelial spaces near the tips of the villi with capillary congestion, significant epithelial lifting along the length of the villi with a few denuded villus tips). Peak levels of total-abdominal irradiation induced effects on the mucosal injury score were seen 7 days after irradiation for doses \u226515 Gy, with a trend to show a decline after 7 days. A murine multiple-parameter gastrointestinal acute-radiation syndrome severity-scoring system was established based on clinical signs and symptoms that included measures of appearance (i.e., hunched and\/or fluffed fur), respiratory rate, general (i.e., decreased mobility) and provoked behavior (i.e., subdued response to stimulation), weight loss, and feces\/diarrhea score combined with jejunum mucosal-injury grade score. In summary, the natural-history radio-response for murine partial-body irradiation exposures is important for establishing a well-characterized radiation model system; here we established a multiple-parameter gastrointestinal acute-radiation syndrome severity-scoring system that provides a radiation injury gastrointestinal tissue-based assessment utility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1667\/rade-23-00132.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T13:11:24Z","timestamp":1707225084000},"page":"406-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Natural-history Characterization of a Murine Partial-body Irradiation Model System: Establishment of a Multiple-Parameter Based GI-ARS Severity-Scoring System"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"David L.","family":"Bolduc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynnette H.","family":"Cary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliann G.","family":"Kiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalitha","family":"Kurada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya P.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunshine A.","family":"Edma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew G.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vernieda B.","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalton D.","family":"Bistline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doreswamy","family":"Kenchegowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen N.","family":"Hood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Imaging Core at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Korotcov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Blakely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Friesecke, K Beyrer, TM Fliedner,  \"Br J Radiol.\"  74, \"How to cope with radiation accidents: The medical management.\" 121 (2001)","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.74.878.740121"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Moroni, TV Coolbaugh, E Lombardini, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  176, \"Hematopoietic radiation syndrome in the Gottingen minipig.\" 89 (2011)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2481.1"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BL Fish, TJ MacVittie, F Gao, et al.  \"Health Phys.\"  121, \"Rat Models of partial-body irradiation with bone marrow-sparing (leg-out pbi) designed for FDA approval of countermeasures for mitigation of acute and delayed injuries by radiation.\" 419 (2021)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001444"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TJ MacVittie, AM Farese, A Bennett, et al.  \"Health Phys.\"  103, \"The acute gastrointestinal subsyndrome of the acute radiation syndrome: a rhesus macaque model.\" 411 (2012)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e31826525f0"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AM Farese, AW Bennett, AM Gibbs, et al.  \"Health Phys.\"  116, \"Efficacy of Neulasta or Neupogen on H-ARS and GI-ARS mortality and hematopoietic recovery in nonhuman primates after 10-Gy irradiation with 2.5% bone marrow sparing.\" 339 (2019)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000000878"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DL Bolduc, V Villa, DJ Sandgren, et al.  \"Comput Math Methods Med.\"  2014, \"Application of multivariate modeling for radiation injury assessment: a proof of concept.\" 685286 (2014)","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/685286"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X Ao, L Zhao, MA Davis, et al.  \"J Hematol Oncol.\"  2, \"Radiation produces differential changes in cytokine profiles in radiation lung fibrosis sensitive and resistant mice.\" 6 (2009)","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-2-6"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TJ MacVittie  and W Jackson  \"Health Phys.\"  119, \"Acute radiation-induced GI-ARS and H-ARS in a canine model of mixed neutron\/gamma relative to reference Co-60 gamma radiation: A retrospective study.\" 351 (2020)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001215"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Koch, J Gulani, G King, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  11, \"Establishment of early endpoints in mouse total-body irradiation model.\" e0161079 (2016)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161079"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NI Ossetrova, WF Blakely, V Nagy, et al.  \"Radiat Prot Dosimetry.\"  172, \"Non-human primate total-body irradiation model with limited and full medical supportive care including filgrastim for biodosimetry and injury assessment.\" 174 (2016)","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncw176"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GL King, DJ Sandgren, JM Mitchell, et al.  \"Comp Med.\"  68, \"System for scoring severity of acute radiation syndrome response in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).\" 474 (2018)","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-CM-17-000106"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"TJ MacVittie, AM Farese, GA Parker, et al.  \"Health Phys.\"  116, \"The gastrointestinal subsyndrome of the acute radiation syndrome in rhesus macaques: A systematic review of the lethal dose-response relationship with and without medical management.\" 305 (2019)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000000903"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CM West  and SE Davidson  \"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care.\"  3, \"Measurement tools for gastrointestinal symptoms in radiation oncology.\" 36 (2009)","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e328325d18d"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Kenchegowda, DL Bolduc, L Kurada, et al.  \"Int J Radiat Biol.\"  24, \"Severity scoring systems for radiation-induced GI injury - 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