{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:54:49Z","timestamp":1791248089991,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for pediatric cancer is currently limited because of the unknown risk of induction of secondary cancers. Medulloblastoma of Ptch1+\/\u2013 mice offers a unique experimental system for radiation-induced carcinogenesis, in which tumors are classified into spontaneous and radiation-induced subtypes based on their features of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) that affect the wild-type Ptch1 allele. The present study aims to investigate in young Ptch1+\/\u2013 mice the carcinogenic effect, and its age dependence, of the low-linear energy transfer (LET, \u223c13 keV\/\u00b5m) carbon ions, to which normal tissues in front of the tumor are exposed during therapy. We irradiated Ptch1+\/\u2013 mice at postnatal day (P) 1, 4, or 10 with 290 MeV\/u carbon ions (0.05\u20130.5 Gy; LET, 13 keV\/\u00b5m) and monitored them for medulloblastoma development. Loss of heterozygosity of seven genetic markers on chromosome 13 (where Ptch1 resides) was studied to classify the tumors. Carbon ion exposure induced medulloblastoma most effectively at P1. The LOH patterns of tumors were either telomeric or interstitial, the latter occurring almost exclusively in the irradiated groups, allowing the use of interstitial LOH as a biomarker of radiation-induced tumors. Radiation-induced tumors developed during a narrow age window (most strongly at P1 and only moderately at P4, with suppressed tumorigenesis at P10). Calculated using previous results using 137Cs gamma rays, the values for relative biological effectiveness (RBE) regarding radiation-induced tumors were 4.1 (3.4, 4.8) and 4.3 (3.3, 5.2) (mean and 95% confidence interval) for exposure at P1 and 4, respectively. Thus, the RBE of carbon ions for medulloblastoma induction in Ptch1+\/\u2013 mice was higher than the generally recognized RBE of 1\u20132 for cell killing, chromosome aberrations, and skin reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1667\/rade-23-00229.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T20:01:33Z","timestamp":1721851293000},"page":"503-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relative Biological Effectiveness of Carbon Ion Beams for Induction of Medulloblastoma with Radiation-specific Chromosome 13 Deletion in Ptch1+\/\u2013 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Chizuru","family":"Tsuruoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Shinagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Amasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Sunaoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiko","family":"Imaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamitsu","family":"Morioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiya","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Institute for Environmental Sciences, Kamikita-gun, Aomori, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuko","family":"Kakinuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Imaoka, M Nishimura, K Daino, et al.  \"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.\"  85, \"Influence of age on the relative biological effectiveness of carbon ion radiation for induction of rat mammary carcinoma.\" 1134 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.08.035"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. 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Durante  \"Cancers (Basel).\"  12, \"Carbon ion radiobiology.\" 3022 (2020)","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12103022"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Suzuki, S Yamazaki, KI Iwata, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  198, \"Lung-cancer risk in mice after exposure to gamma rays, carbon ions or neutrons: Egfr pathway activation and frequent nuclear abnormality.\" 475 (2022)","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-21-00192.1"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Tsuruoka, M Suzuki, MP Hande, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  170, \"The difference in LET and ion species dependence for induction of initially measured and non-rejoined chromatin breaks in normal human fibroblast.\" 163 (2008)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1279.1"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Ando, S Koike, K Nojima, et al.  \"Int J Radiat Biol.\"  74, \"Mouse skin reactions following fractionated irradiation with carbon ions.\" 129 (1998)","DOI":"10.1080\/095530098141799"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Furukawa, Y Hara, K Mizushima, et al.  \"Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B.\"  406, \"Development of NIRS pencil beam scanning system for carbon ion radiotherapy.\" 361 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2016.10.029"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y Takakusagi, H Katoh, K Kano, et al.  \"Radiat Oncol.\"  15, \"Preliminary result of carbon-ion radiotherapy using the spot scanning method for prostate cancer.\" 127 (2020)","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01575-7"}],"container-title":["Radiation Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/radiation-research\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1667\/RADE-23-00229.1\/3410578\/10.1667_rade-23-00229.1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/radiation-research\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1667\/RADE-23-00229.1\/3410578\/10.1667_rade-23-00229.1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:25:24Z","timestamp":1791246324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/radiation-research\/volume-202\/issue-3\/RADE-23-00229.1\/Relative-Biological-Effectiveness-of-Carbon-Ion-Beams-for-Induction-of\/10.1667\/RADE-23-00229.1.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/rade-23-00229.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-7587","1938-5404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-5404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]}}}