{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:54:57Z","timestamp":1791248097355,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Animal studies are needed that best simulate a large-scale, inhomogeneous body exposure after a radiological or nuclear incident and that provides a platform for future development of medical countermeasures. A partial-body irradiation (PBI) model using 137Cs gamma rays with hind limb (tibia) shielding was developed and assessed for the sequalae of radiation injuries to gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow (BM) and lung and among different genetic mouse strains (C57BL\/6J, C57L\/J, CBA\/J and FVB\/NJ). In this case, a marginal level of BM shielding (\u223c2%) provided adequate protection against lethality from infection and hemorrhage and enabled escalation of radiation doses with evaluation of both acute and delayed radiation syndromes. A steep radiation dose-dependent body weight loss was observed over the first 5 days attributed to enteritis with C57BL\/6J mice appearing to be the most sensitive strain. Peripheral blood cell analysis revealed significant depression and recovery of leukocytes and platelets over the first month after PBI and were comparable among the four different mouse strains. Latent pulmonary injury was observed on micro-CT imaging at 4 months in C57L\/J mice and confirmed histologically as severe pneumonitis that was lethal at 12 Gy. The lethality and radiological densitometry (HUs) dose responses were comparable to previous studies on C57L\/J mice after total-body irradiation (TBI) and BM transplant rescue as well as after localized whole-thorax irradiation (WTI). Indeed, the lethal radiation doses and latency appeared similar for pneumonitis appearing in rhesus macaques after WTI or PBI as well as predicted for patients given systemic radiotherapy. In contrast, PBI treatment of C57BL\/6 mice at a higher dose of 14 Gy had far longer survival times and developed extreme and debilitating pIeural effusions; an anomaly as similarly reported in previous thorax irradiation studies on this mouse strain. In summary, a radiation exposure model that delivers PBI to unanesthetized mice in a device that provides consistent shielding of the hind limb BM was developed for 137Cs gamma rays with physical characteristics and relevance to relatively high photon energies expected from the detonation of a nuclear device or accidental release of ionizing radiation. Standard strains such as C57BL\/6J mice may be used reliably for early GI or hematological radiation syndromes while the C57L\/J mouse strain stands out as the most appropriate for evaluating the delayed pulmonary effects of acute radiation exposure and recapitulating this disease in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1667\/rade-24-00058.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T05:17:59Z","timestamp":1722057479000},"page":"510-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Selecting the Most Relevant Mouse Strains for Evaluating Radiation-Induced Multiple Tissue Injury after Leg-Shielded Partial-Body Gamma Irradiation"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Julian D.","family":"Down","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton R.","family":"Cornwall-Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Hurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott R.","family":"Floyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer H.","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CM Manning, CJ Johnston, CK Reed, et al.  \"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.\"  86, \"Lung irradiation increases mortality after influenza A virus challenge occurring late after exposure.\" 128 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.10.019"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AE Baranov, GD Selidovkin, A Butturini, et al.  \"Blood.\"  83, \"Hematopoietic recovery after 10-Gy acute total body radiation.\" 596 (1994)","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.2.596.bloodjournal832596"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MB Dabjan, CM Buck, IL Jackson, et al.  \"Lab Invest.\"  96, \"A survey of changing trends in modelling radiation lung injury in mice: Bringing out the good, the bad, and the uncertain.\" 936 (2016)","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.76"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Medhora, F Gao, C Glisch, et al.  \"J Radiat Res.\"  56, \"Whole-thorax irradiation induces hypoxic respiratory failure, pleural effusions and cardiac remodeling.\" 248 (2015)","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rru095"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Booth, GL Tudor, BP Katz, et al.  \"Health Phys.\"  109, \"The delayed effects of acute radiation syndrome: Evidence of long-term functional changes in the clonogenic cells of the small intestine.\" 399 (2015)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000000356"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JD Down  and JC Yanch  \"Radiat Res.\"  174, \"Identifying the high radiosensitivity of the lungs of C57L mice in a model of total-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation.\" 258 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multi-organ injury.\" 1 (2024)"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Rump, S Eder, C Hermann, et al.  \"Mil Med Res.\"  8, \"Estimation of radiation-induced health hazards from a \u201cdirty bomb\u201d attack with radiocesium under different assault and rescue conditions.\" 65 (2021)","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-021-00349-w"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Tin, L Cheng, H Shin, et al.  \"Prehosp Disaster Med.\"  38, \"A Descriptive analysis of the use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons by violent non-State actors and the modern-day environment of threat.\" 395 (2023)","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X23000481"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JD Down  and GG Steel  \"Radiat Res.\"  96, \"The expression of early and late damage after thoracic irradiation: a comparison between CBA and C57BL mice.\" 603 (1983)","DOI":"10.2307\/3576125"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JD Down, D 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(1989)","DOI":"10.2307\/3577353"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YH Chang, LM Lin, CW Lou, et al.  \"Radiother Oncol.\"  105, \"Bone marrow transplantation rescues intestinal mucosa after whole body radiation via paracrine mechanisms.\" 371 (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.10.005"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z Jiang, QT Waterbury, E Malagola, et al.  \"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol.\"  17, \"Microbial-dependent recruitment of immature myeloid cells promotes intestinal regeneration.\" 321 (2024)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.10.007"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Franko  and J Sharplin  \"Radiat Res.\"  140, \"Development of fibrosis after lung irradiation in relation to inflammation and lung function in a mouse strain prone to fibrosis.\" 347 (1994)","DOI":"10.2307\/3579112"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Fuentes, D Hyde, I Johnson, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  196, 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Van der Kogel,  \"Basic clinical radiobiology.\"  \"The dose rate effect.\" 158 (2009)","DOI":"10.1201\/b13224-13"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CL Dileto  and EL Travis  \"Radiat Res.\"  146, \"Fibroblast radiosensitivity in vitro and lung fibrosis in vivo: comparison between a fibrosis-prone and fibrosis-resistant mouse strain.\" 61 (1996)","DOI":"10.2307\/3579396"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Aqeel, M Medhora, E Gore, et al.  \"Health Phys.\"  121, \"Evaluation of radiation-induced pleural effusions after radiotherapy to support development of animal models of radiation pneumonitis.\" 434 (2021)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001462"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JF Fowler  and EL Travis  \"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.\"  4, \"The radiation pneumonitis syndrome in half-body radiation therapy.\" 1111 (1978)","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(78)90029-9"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OM Salazar, P Rubin, B Keller, et al.  \"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.\"  4, \"Systemic (half-body) radiation therapy: response and toxicity.\" 937 (1978)","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(78)90003-2"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Sampath, TE Schultheiss, J Wong,  \"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.\"  63, \"Dose response and factors related to interstitial pneumonitis after bone marrow transplant.\" 876 (2005)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.02.032"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VP Kumar, S Jaiswal, K Wuddie, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  201, \"development of a radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis partial-body irradiation model in C57BL\/6 Mice.\" 460 (2024)","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-23-00143.1"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VP Kumar, K Wuddie, A Tsioplaya, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  201, \"Development of a Multi-Organ Radiation Injury Model with Precise Dosimetry with Focus on GI-ARS.\" 19 (2024)","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-23-00068.1"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A Gibbs, P Gupta, B Mali, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  199, \"A C57L\/J mouse model of the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the context of evolving multi-organ dysfunction and failure after total-body irradiation with 2.5% bone marrow sparing.\" 319 (2023)","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-22-00178.1"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Saha, P Bhanja, R Kabarriti, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  6, \"Bone marrow stromal cell transplantation mitigates radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome in mice.\" e24072 (2011)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024072"}],"container-title":["Radiation Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/radiation-research\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1667\/RADE-24-00058.1\/3411704\/10.1667_rade-24-00058.1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/radiation-research\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1667\/RADE-24-00058.1\/3411704\/10.1667_rade-24-00058.1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:25:18Z","timestamp":1791246318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/radiation-research\/volume-202\/issue-3\/RADE-24-00058.1\/Selecting-the-Most-Relevant-Mouse-Strains-for-Evaluating-Radiation-Induced\/10.1667\/RADE-24-00058.1.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/rade-24-00058.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-7587","1938-5404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-5404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]}}}