{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:50:56Z","timestamp":1791244256570,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Contralateral breast (CB) cancer is the most common subsequent cancer among breast cancer survivors, and radiotherapy has been linked to CB cancer risk. The purpose of this work was to evaluate doses to subregions of the contralateral breast from historical breast cancer treatments carried out in the United States between 1990 and 2012. We extracted treatment data from radiation therapy summaries for 2,442 radiotherapy patients during that period. We estimated CB doses for five breast regions: the upper inner quadrant (UIQ), lower inner quadrant, upper outer quadrant, lower outer quadrant (LOQ), and nipple, using extracted data and out-of-beam CB dose measurements. The mean treatment dose was approximately 5,000 cGy for tangential fields, which comprised 84% of the photon fields, and this remained constant throughout our study period. Most of the dose to the contralateral breast was from the tangential fields, and it varied by contralateral breast region. The UIQ of the contralateral breast received the highest median dose which decreased by 23% from 185 cGy in 1990\u20131994 to 143 cGy in 2005 and later (P &lt; 0.0001). The LOQ dose received the lowest dose, which also decreased by 24% from 74 to 56 cGy (P &lt; 0.0001). This decrease was due to the reduction in the utilization of physical wedges and an increase in the field-in-field technique, particularly after 2005. We observed a significant reduction in CB doses from breast radiotherapy in the United States between 1990 and 2010, which can be attributed to the impact of advanced radiotherapy techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1667\/rade-25-00069.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T08:20:06Z","timestamp":1757492406000},"page":"423-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trends in Dose to the Contralateral Breast from Breast Cancer Radiotherapy in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Choonsik","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Borrego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene H. S.","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rochelle E.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Mille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather Spencer","family":"Feigelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard J. Tyson Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, and Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Weinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin J. Aiello","family":"Bowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana S. M.","family":"Buist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline B.","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen L.","family":"Gierach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy Berrington de","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\"Lancet.\"  378, \"Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10 801 women in 17 randomised trials.\" 1707 (2011)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61629-2"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Berrington de Gonzalez, RE Curtis, E Gilbert, et al.  \"Br J Cancer.\"  102, \"Second solid cancers after radiotherapy for breast cancer in SEER cancer registries.\" 220 (2010)","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605435"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Prochazka, P Hall, G Gagliardi, et al.  \"J Clin Oncol.\"  23, \"Ionizing radiation and tobacco use increases the risk of a subsequent lung carcinoma in women with breast cancer: case-only design.\" 7467 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(2012)","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds144"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Burmeister, N Alvarado, S Way, et al.  \"Med Dosim.\"  33, \"Assessment and minimization of contralateral breast dose for conventional and intensity modulated breast radiotherapy.\" 6 (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2007.04.003"}],"container-title":["Radiation 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