{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:54:38Z","timestamp":1791244478696,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated whether therapeutic doses of X rays can affect the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) genes and proteins using Lynch syndrome-associated human colorectal cancer cell lines. MMR-deficient cell lines (HCT116, SW48, LoVo) and an MMR-proficient control cell line (HT29) were exposed to X rays [a 2 Gy dose or 2 Gy daily for five consecutive days (10 Gy)]. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the radiation-induced changes in the expression of RNAs and proteins, respectively. RT-qPCR revealed that MLH1 and MSH6 genes were stably expressed regardless of the MMR status of the cell line and the radiation dose. In contrast, the MSH2 gene was either up-regulated or down-regulated after 2 Gy or 10 Gy or both. The expression of PMS2 increased after 10 Gy irradiation in all MMR-deficient cell lines, even though the data were not statistically significant compared to other doses, except for the LoVo cell line. Protein expression analysed using Western blotting demonstrated that MLH1 protein expression was stable, whereas the expression of MSH2 was significantly affected by radiation exposure in both MLH1-deficient cell lines. No correlation between the expression of RNA and protein could be identified. In conclusion, radiation may have significantly differential effects on MMR RNA and protein expression when different cell lines, doses, and specific genes are considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1667\/rade-25-00097.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T04:30:37Z","timestamp":1750480237000},"page":"230-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of X rays on the Expression of Mismatch Repair Genes and Proteins in Lynch Syndrome Associated Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytogenetics Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical, Climate and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCCE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Cruz-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical, Climate and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCCE), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Freestone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytogenetics Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical, Climate and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCCE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Monahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Badie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical, Climate and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCCE), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Comoglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical, Climate and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCCE), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Mancey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytogenetics Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical, Climate and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCCE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne","family":"Moquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytogenetics Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical, Climate and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCCE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytogenetics Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical, Climate and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCCE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LM Martin, B Marples, M Coffey, et al.  \"Cancer Treat Rev.\"  36, \"DNA mismatch repair and the DNA damage response to ionizing radiation: making sense of apparently conflicting data.\" 518 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2010.03.008"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G-M. 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Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/radiation-research\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1667\/RADE-25-00097.1\/3526664\/10.1667_rade-25-00097.1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/radiation-research\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1667\/RADE-25-00097.1\/3526664\/10.1667_rade-25-00097.1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:09:16Z","timestamp":1791241756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/radiation-research\/volume-204\/issue-3\/RADE-25-00097.1\/The-Effect-of-X-rays-on-the-Expression-of-Mismatch\/10.1667\/RADE-25-00097.1.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/rade-25-00097.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-7587","1938-5404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-5404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]}}}