{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:50:57Z","timestamp":1791237057802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiological emergencies, such as nuclear power plant accidents or the detonation of radiation-dispersive devices, can release radionuclides into the environment, with Cesium-137 (137Cs) of particular concern due to its long half-life (30.17 years), high water solubility, and widespread dispersibility. Once incorporated, 137Cs distributes in soft tissues and exhibits a long biological half-life. The approved commercial countermeasure for internal decorporation is Radiogardase\u00ae-Cs, the insoluble Prussian Blue (PB; ferric hexacyanoferrate(II)), which binds radiocesium and thallium in the gastrointestinal tract. Since absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine and redistribution via enterohepatic circulation prolongs retention, effective decorporation strategies remain essential. In this study, insoluble PB nanoparticles were synthesized via an optimized indirect route employing hydrogen peroxide treatment, and their structure characteristics were compared to those of Radiogardase\u00ae-Cs, followed using an in vivo C57Bl6 mouse model for acute internal 137Cs decorporation assessment. Initially, the elimination kinetics for the ingestion of 137Cs was assessed using control animals. The results revealed a decrease of half of the radionuclides' initial activity within a period of approximately 3.4 days. Following therapeutic effect tests of 1-to-4-day treatment of contaminated mice with Nano-PB formulation indicated by 1.2- to 1.9-fold higher excretion rate of 137Cs compared to that when Radiogardase\u00ae-Cs was used. Although the short-term elimination profiles of Nano-PB and Radiogardase\u00ae-C appeared comparable, the overall results for the nanosized particles indicated an advantage in enhanced radiocesium decorporation. This effect may be attributed to the higher density of active binding sites, enhancing binding efficiency, while future perspectives should include comparison of absorption capacity and comprehensive toxicity assessments of the nanosized PB formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1667\/rade-25-00213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:03:36Z","timestamp":1779408216000},"page":"239-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prussian Blue Nanoparticles and Their Potential for the Treatment of Internal 137Cs Contamination in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Lenka","family":"Andrejsov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiobiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, T\u0159ebe\u0161sk\u00e1 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"\u0160inkorov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiobiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, T\u0159ebe\u0161sk\u00e1 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Janda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NBC Defence Institute, University of Defence, V\u00edta Nejedl\u00e9ho 1, 682 01 D\u011bdice-Vy\u0161kov, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"\u010c\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiobiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, T\u0159ebe\u0161sk\u00e1 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Rajchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NBC Defence Institute, University of Defence, V\u00edta Nejedl\u00e9ho 1, 682 01 D\u011bdice-Vy\u0161kov, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U\u0123is","family":"Eismonts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andris","family":"Acti\u0146\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indri\u0137is","family":"Mui\u017enieks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrejs","family":"Gr\u012bnbergs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingars","family":"Reinholds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Mahar  and N Sandal  \"J Environ Radioact.\"  277, \"Decorporation dilemma: Interplay of prussian blue and potassium iodide in radioactive contamination.\" 107458 (2024)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2024.107458"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DK. Aswal,  \"Handbook on Radiation Environment.\"  1, (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-2795-7"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Aaseth, VM Nurchi, O Andersen,  \"Biomol.\"  9, \"Medical therapy of patients contaminated with radioactive cesium or iodine.\" 856 (2019)","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120856"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y Cao, L Zhou, H Ren, et al.  \"Int J Environ Res Public Health.\"  19, \"Determination, Separation and Application of 137Cs: A Review.\" 10183 (2022)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610183"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CL R\u00e4\u00e4f, R Falk, C Thornberg, et al.  \"Radiat Prot Dosimetry.\"  112, \"Human metabolism of radiocaesium revisited.\" 395 (2004)","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nch408"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"\"Toxicological Profile for Cesium.\"  (2004)"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Isaksson, M Tondel, R W\u00e5linder, et al.  \"J Rad Prot.\"  41, \"Absorbed dose rate coefficients for 134Cs and 137Cs with steady-state distribution in the human body: S-coefficients revisited\" 1213 (2021)","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/ac2ec4"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Venturi,  \"Int J Environ Res Public Health.\"  18, \"Cesium in Biology, Pancreatic Cancer, and Controversy in High and Low Radiation Exposure Damage-Scientific, Environmental, Geopolitical, and Economic Aspects.\" 8934 (2021)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18178934"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Kraft,  \"Ionics.\"  27, \"Some considerations on the structure, composition, and properties of Prussian blue: a contribution to the current discussion.\" 2289 (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581-021-04013-0"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Tanaka, H Ishihara, H Yakumaru, et al.  \"Biol Pharm Bull.\"  39, \"Comparison of Absorbents and Drugs for Internal Decorporation of Radiocesium: Advances of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Microsphere Preparations Containing Magnetite and Prussian Blue.\" 353 (2016)","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00728"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TT Yan, GA Lin, MJ Wang, et al.  \"Military Med Res.\"  6, \"Pharmacological treatment of inhalation injury after nuclear or radiological incidents: The Chinese and German approach.\" 10 (2019)","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-019-0200-2"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Mart\u00ednez-Alonso, NS Torres Pab\u00f3n, MI Fern\u00e1ndez-Bachiller, et al.  \"Heliyon.\"  10, \"Physicochemical and pharmacotechnical characterization of Prussian blue for future Prussian blue oral dosage forms formulation.\" e24284 (2024)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24284"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PJ Faustino, Y Yang, JJ Progar, et al.  \"J Pharm Biomed Anal.\"  47, \"Quantitative determination of cesium binding to ferric hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue.\" 114 (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.11.049"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y Yang, PJ Faustino, JJ Progar, et al.  \"Int J Pharm.\"  353, \"Quantitative determination of thallium binding to ferric hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue.\" 187 (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.11.031"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V Kumar, M Yadav, K Dhankhar, et al.  \"Def Life Sci J.\"  8, \"Physicochemical characterisation of commercially available Prussian blue insoluble samples and its comparison with Radiogardase-Cs.\" 131 (2023)","DOI":"10.14429\/dlsj.8.18464"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Farina, CE Brand\u00e3o-Mello, AR Oliveira,  \"Health Phys.\"  60, \"Medical aspects of 137Cs decorporation: the Goi\u00e2nia radiological accident.\" 63 (1991)","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199101000-00009"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Doveri, G Dacarro, YA Diaz Fernandez, et al.  \"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces.\"  227, \"Prussian Blue nanoparticles: An FDA-approved substance that may quickly degrade at physiological pH.\" 113373 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2023.113373"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Sandal, G Mittal, A Bhatnagar, et al.  \"J Drug Deliv.\"  2017, \"Preparation, Characterization, and In vivo Pharmacoscintigraphy Evaluation of an Intestinal Release Delivery System of Prussian Blue for Decorporation of Cesium and Thallium.\" 4875784 (2017)","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4875784"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PJ Faustino, A Brown, B Lowry, et al.  \"Int J Pharm.\"  569, \"Quantitative evaluation of the thallium binding of soluble and insoluble Prussian blue hexacyanoferrate analogs: A scientific comparison based on their critical quality attributes.\" 118600 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118600"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Carniato, G Gatti, C Vittoni, et al.  \"Molecules.\"  25, \"More Efficient Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for an Improved Caesium Decontamination from Aqueous Solutions and Biological Fluids.\" 3447 (2020)","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25153447"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Busquets  and J Estelrich  \"Drug Discov Today.\"  25, \"Prussian blue nanoparticles: synthesis, surface modification, and biomedical applications.\" 1431 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.05.014"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PA Fiorito, VR Gon\u00e7ales, EA Ponzio, et al.  \"Chem Commun.\"  21, \"Synthesis, characterization and immobilization of Prussian blue nanoparticles. A potential tool for biosensing devices.\" 366 (2005)","DOI":"10.1039\/B412583E"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NL Torad, M Hu, M Imura, et al.  \"J Mater Chem.\"  22, \"Large Cs adsorption capability of nanostructured Prussian Blue particles with high accessible surface areas.\" 18261 (2012)","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm32805d"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"XD Li, XL Liang, F Ma, et al.  \"Colloids and Surf B Biointerfaces.\"  123, \"Chitosan stabilized Prussian blue nanoparticles for photothermally enhanced gene delivery.\" 629 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.10.001"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Lu, XY Zhu, Y Li, et al.  \"J Mater Chem B.\"  11, \"Progress in the preparation of Prussian blue-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications.\" 5272 (2023)","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB02617A"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SC Jang, SB Hong, HM Yang, et al.  \"Nanomater.\"  4, \"Removal of Radioactive Cesium Using Prussian Blue Magnetic Nanoparticles.\" 894 (2014)","DOI":"10.3390\/nano4040894"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JH Lee  and SY Kwak  \"ACS Omega.\"  7, \"Mechanochemically synthesized Prussian blue for efficient removal of cesium ions from aqueous solutions.\" 3222 (2022)","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c05062"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Qu, X Jin, W Cheng, et al.  \"Part Fibre Toxicol.\"  20, \"Uncovering the fate and risks of intravenously injected Prussian blue nanoparticles in mice by an integrated methodology of toxicology, pharmacokinetics, proteomics, and metabolomics.\" 18 (2023)","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-023-00529-7"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SA Agnihotry, P Singh, AG Joshi, et al.  \"Electrochimica acta.\"  51, \"Electrodeposited Prussian blue films: Annealing effect.\" 4291 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2005.12.008"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Kumar, P Justa, N Jaswal, et al.  \"Chem Phys Impact.\"  8, \"Peroxidase like activity of Prussian blue nanoparticles and visible light mediated catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye.\" 100575 (2024)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chphi.2024.100575"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Zheng, X Wan, Q Zhang, et al.  \"J Inorg Biochem.\"  203, \"Catechol amide derivatized polyhydroxylated fullerene as potential chelating agents of radionuclides: Synthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and cytotoxic studies.\" 110921 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2019.110921"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Bodin  and F Menetrier  \"J Radiol Prot.\"  41, \"Treatment of radiological contamination: a review.\" 427 (2021)","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/ac241b"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DR Melo, DL Lundgren, BA Muggenburg, et al.  \"Health Phys.\"  71, \"Prussian Blue decorporation of 137Cs in beagles of different ages.\" 190 (1996)","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199608000-00010"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JW. Stather,  \"Health Phys.\"  18, \"An analysis of the whole-body retention of caesium-137 in rats of various ages.\" 43 (1970)","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-197001000-00004"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TG. Sazykina,  \"J Environ Radioact.\"  182, \"Population sensitivities of animals to chronic ionizing radiation-model predictions from mice to elephant.\" 177 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2017.11.013"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Le Gall, F Taran, D Renault, et al.  \"Biochimie.\"  88, \"Comparison of Prussian blue and apple-pectin efficacy on 137Cs decorporation in rats.\" 1837 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.09.010"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"EA Waller, RZ Stodilka, K Leach, et al.  \"Literature Survey on Decorporation of Radionuclides from the Human Body. Defence research and development.\"  (2002)"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JM Bertho, R Bo, V Magneron, et al.  \"J of Radiol Prot.\"  40, \"Co-exposure to internal and external radiation alters cesium biokinetics and retention in mice.\" 504 (2020)","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab7b43"},{"key":"39","unstructured":"J \u00d6sterreicher  and J V\u00e1vrov\u00e1  \"P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky z radiobiologie.\"  (2003)"}],"container-title":["Radiation Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/radiation-research.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/rare\/aop\/article-10.1667-RADE-25-00213\/article-10.1667-RADE-25-00213.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/radiation-research.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/rare\/aop\/article-10.1667-RADE-25-00213\/article-10.1667-RADE-25-00213.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/radiation-research.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/rare\/aop\/article-10.1667-RADE-25-00213\/article-10.1667-RADE-25-00213.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:53:17Z","timestamp":1791233597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/radiation-research\/volume-206\/issue-2\/RADE-25-00213\/Prussian-Blue-Nanoparticles-and-Their-Potential-for-the-Treatment-of\/10.1667\/RADE-25-00213.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/rade-25-00213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-7587","1938-5404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-5404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}