{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:50:45Z","timestamp":1790779845001,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Radiation Research Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"DOI":"10.1667\/rr15571.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T15:11:37Z","timestamp":1600096297000},"page":"259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Lifetime Mortality Risk from Cancer and Circulatory Disease Predicted from the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivor Life Span Study Data Taking Account of Dose Measurement Error"],"prefix":"10.1667","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9778"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pawel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20004"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munechika","family":"Misumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Statistics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo 201-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry M.","family":"Cullings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Statistics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wakeford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Ozasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1243","reference":[{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DL Preston, E Ron, S Tokuoka, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  168, \"Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors: 1958\u20131998.\" 1 (2007)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR0763.1"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Ozasa, Y Shimizu, A Suyama, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  177, \"Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors, Report 14, 1950\u20132003: an overview of cancer and noncancer diseases.\" 229 (2012)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2629.1"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little, TV Azizova, D Bazyka, et al.  \"Environ Health Perspect.\"  120, \"Systematic review and meta-analysis of circulatory disease from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation and estimates of potential population mortality risks.\" 1503 (2012)","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1204982"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DE Thompson, K Mabuchi, E Ron, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  137, \"Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: Solid tumors, 1958\u20131987.\" S17 (1994)","DOI":"10.2307\/3578892"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA Pierce, DO Stram, M Vaeth,  \"Radiat Res.\"  123, \"Allowing for random errors in radiation dose estimates for the atomic bomb survivor data.\" 275 (1990)","DOI":"10.2307\/3577733"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little, DG Hoel, J Molitor, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  169, \"New models for evaluation of radiation-induced lifetime cancer risk and its uncertainty employed in the UNSCEAR 2006 Report.\" 660 (2008)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1091.1"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"et al.  \"ICRP publication 103. Ann ICRP.\"  37, \"The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.\" 1 (2007)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2008.07.001"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DL Preston, S Kusumi, M Tomonaga, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  137, \"Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part III. Leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, 1950\u20131987.\" S68 (1994)","DOI":"10.2307\/3578893"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DB Richardson, E Cardis, RD Daniels, et al.  \"BMJ.\"  351, \"Risk of cancer from occupational exposure to ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study of workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS).\" h5359 (2015)","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5359"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Gillies, DB Richardson, E Cardis, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  188, \"Mortality from circulatory diseases and other non-cancer outcomes among nuclear workers in France, the United Kingdom and the United States (INWORKS).\" 276 (2017)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR14608.1"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z Zhang, DL Preston, M Sokolnikov, et al.  \"PLoS ONE.\"  12, \"Correction of confidence intervals in excess relative risk models using Monte Carlo dosimetry systems with shared errors.\" e0174641 (2017)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174641"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P McCullagh  and JA Nelder  \"Generalized linear models.\"  ,  (1989)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3242-6"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA Pierce, DO Stram, M Vaeth, et al.  \"J Am Statist Assoc.\"  87, \"The errors-invariables problem: considerations provided by radiation dose-response analyses of the A-bomb survivor data.\" 351 (1992)","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1992.10475214"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little  and CR Muirhead  \"Int J Radiat Biol.\"  70, \"Evidence for curvilinearity in the cancer incidence dose-response in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors.\" 83 (1996)","DOI":"10.1080\/095530096145364"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little  and CR Muirhead  \"Environ Health Perspect.\"  105, \"Curvilinearity in the dose-response curve for cancer in Japanese atomic bomb survivors.\" S1505 (1997)","DOI":"10.2307\/3433661"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little  and CR Muirhead  \"Int J Radiat Biol.\"  74, \"Curvature in the cancer mortality dose response in Japanese atomic bomb survivors: absence of evidence of threshold.\" 471 (1998)","DOI":"10.1080\/095530098141348"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little, I Deltour, S Richardson,  \"Radiat Environ Biophys.\"  39, \"Projection of cancer risks from the Japanese atomic bomb survivors to the England and Wales population taking into account uncertainty in risk parameters.\" 241 (2000)","DOI":"10.1007\/s004110000070"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Bennett, MP Little, S Richardson,  \"Radiat Environ Biophys.\"  43, \"Flexible dose-response models for Japanese atomic bomb survivor data: Bayesian estimation and prediction of cancer risk.\" 233 (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-004-0258-3"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SD Egbert, GD Kerr, HM Cullings,  \"Radiat Environ Biophys.\"  46, \"DS02 fluence spectra for neutrons and gamma rays at Hiroshima and Nagasaki with fluence-to-kerma coefficients and transmission factors for sample measurements.\" 311 (2007)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-007-0120-5"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DL Preston, DA Pierce, Y Shimizu, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  162, \"Effect of recent changes in atomic bomb survivor dosimetry on cancer mortality risk estimates.\" 377 (2004)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3232"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EJ Grant, A Brenner, H Sugiyama, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  187, \"Solid cancer incidence among the Life Span Study of Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1958\u20132009.\" 513 (2017)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR14492.1"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HM Cullings, EJ Grant, SD Egbert, et al.  \"Health Phys.\"  112, \"DS02R1: Improvements to atomic bomb survivors' input data and implementation of Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02) and resulting changes in estimated doses.\" 56 (2017)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000000598"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Leuraud, DB Richardson, E Cardis, et al.  \"Lancet Haematol.\"  2, \"Ionising radiation and risk of death from leukaemia and lymphoma in radiation-monitored workers (INWORKS): an international cohort study.\" e276 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00094-0"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Cologne, J Kim, H Sugiyama, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  192, \"Effect of heterogeneity in background incidence on inference about the solid-cancer radiation dose response in atomic bomb survivors.\" 388 (2019)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR15127.1"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V Tran  and MP Little  \"Radiat Environ Biophys.\"  56, \"Dose and dose rate extrapolation factors for malignant and non-malignant health endpoints after exposure to gamma and neutron radiation.\" 299 (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-017-0707-4"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W R\u00fchm, GE Woloschak, RE Shore, et al.  \"Radiat Environ Biophys.\"  54, \"Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: a discussion in the light of radiological protection.\" 379 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-015-0613-6"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"et al.  \"Annex A. Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer. Report No. 978-92-1-142263-4.\"  ,  (2008)"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"et al.  \"Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII - Phase 2.\"  , 1 (2006)"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little, EJ Tawn, I Tzoulaki, et al.  \"Radiat Res.\"  169, \"A systematic review of epidemiological associations between low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation and late cardiovascular effects, and their possible mechanisms.\" 99 (2008)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1070.1"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P McGale  and SC Darby  \"Radiat Res.\"  163, \"Low doses of ionizing radiation and circulatory diseases: a systematic review of the published epidemiological evidence.\" 247 (2005)","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3314"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little,  \"Mutat Res Revw.\"  770, \"Radiation and circulatory disease.\" 299 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2016.07.008"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RJ Carroll, D Ruppert, LA Stefanski, et al.  \"Measurement error in nonlinear models. A modern perspective.\"  , 1 (2006)","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420010138"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Clayton,  \"Statist Med.\"  7, \"The analysis of event history data - a review of progress and outstanding problems.\" 819 (1988)","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780070802"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Richardson  and WR Gilks  \"Statist Med.\"  12, \"Conditional independence models for epidemiological studies with covariate measurement error.\" 1703 (1993)","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780121806"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Richardson  and WR Gilks  \"Am J Epidemiol.\"  138, \"A Bayesian approach to measurement error problems in epidemiology using conditional independence models.\" 430 (1993)","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116875"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little, RA Kleinerman, M Stovall, et al.  \"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.\"  84, \"Analysis of dose response for circulatory disease after radiotherapy for benign disease.\" 1101 (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.01.053"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP. Little,  \"Int J Radiat Biol.\"  78, \"Absence of evidence for differences in the dose-response for cancer and non-cancer endpoints by acute injury status in the Japanese atomic-bomb survivors.\" 1001 (2002)","DOI":"10.1080\/0955300021000013803"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP. Little,  \"Radiat Environ Biophys.\"  43, \"Threshold and other departures from linear-quadratic curvature in the non-cancer mortality dose-response curve in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors.\" 67 (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-004-0244-9"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"D Lunn, D Spiegelhalter, A Thomas, et al.  \"OpenBUGS version 3.2.3. 2016.\"  ,  ()"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DJ Spiegelhalter, NG Best, BP Carlin, et al.  \"J Royal Statist Soc Series B - Statistical Methodology.\"  64, \"Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit.\" 583 (2002)","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00353"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Gelman  and DB Rubin  \"Statist Science.\"  7, \"Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences.\" 457 (1992)","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177011136"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SP Brooks  and A Gelman  \"J Computat Graph Statist.\"  7, \"General methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations.\" 434 (1998)","DOI":"10.2307\/1390675"},{"key":"34","unstructured":"et al.  \"BEIR V.\"  , \"Health effects of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation.\" 1 (1990)"},{"key":"35","unstructured":"et al.  \"Mortality statistics - underlying cause, sex and age.\"  ,  (2019)"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"et al.  \"WHO Health statistics and information systems.\"  ,  (2019)"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W Zhang, D Laurier, E Cl\u00e9ro, et al.  \"Int J Radiat Biol.\"  96, \"Sensitivity analysis of parameters and methodological choices used in calculation of radiation detriment for solid cancer.\" 596 (2020)","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2020.1708499"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RH. Mole,  \"Br J Radiol.\"  57, \"The LD50 for uniform low LET irradiation of man.\" 355 (1984)","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-57-677-355"},{"key":"41","unstructured":"et al.  \"Dosimetry System 2002. Report of the Joint US-Japan Working Group. Report No. B001J1TD3Y.\"  , 1 (2005)"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JR Cook  and LA Stefanski  \"J Am Statist Assoc.\"  89, \"Simulation-extrapolation estimation in parametric measurement error models.\" 1314 (1994)","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1994.10476871"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RS Allodji, B Schwartz, I Diallo, et al.  \"Radiat Environ Biophys.\"  54, \"Simulation-extrapolation method to address errors in atomic bomb survivor dosimetry on solid cancer and leukaemia mortality risk estimates, 1950\u20132003.\" 273 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-015-0594-5"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Misumi, K Furukawa, JB Cologne, et al.  \"J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat.\"  67, \"Simulation-extrapolation for bias correction with exposure uncertainty in radiation risk analysis utilizing grouped data.\" 275 (2018)","DOI":"10.1111\/rssc.12225"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little  and R Wakeford  \"Radiat Environ Biophys.\"  52, \"How is the risk of radiation-induced cancer influenced by background risk factors? Invited commentary on \u201cA method for determining weights for excess relative risk and excess absolute risk when applied in the calculation of lifetime risk of cancer from radiation exposure\u201d by Walsh and Schneider (2012).\" 147 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-012-0442-9"},{"key":"47","unstructured":"et al.  \"UNSCEAR 2000 report to the General Assembly, with scientific annexes. Volume II: Effects. Report No. E.oo.IX.4.\"  , 1 (2000)"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little, CR Muirhead, LHJ Goossens, et al.  \"Main report.\"  , \"Probabilistic accident consequence uncertainty analysis. Late health effects uncertainty assessment.\" 1 (1997)","DOI":"10.2172\/291008"},{"key":"49","unstructured":"et al.  \"Uncertainties in fatal cancer risk estimates used in radiation protection. NCRP Report No. 126.\"  , 1 (1997)"},{"key":"50","unstructured":"C Land, E Gilbert, JM Smith, et al.  \"Report of the NCI-CDC Working Group to revise the 1985 NIH Radioepidemiological Tables.\"  , 1 (2003)"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA Pierce  and AM Kellerer  \"Biometrika.\"  91, \"Adjusting for covariate errors with nonparametric assessment of the true covariate distribution.\" 863 (2004)","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/91.4.863"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W R\u00fchm  and L Walsh  \"Radiat Prot Dosimetry.\"  126, \"Current risk estimates based on the A-bomb survivors data - a discussion in terms of the ICRP recommendations on the neutron weighting factor.\" 423 (2007)","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncm087"},{"key":"55","unstructured":"et al.  \"Evaluation of the relative effectiveness of low-energy photons and electrons in inducing cancer in humans. NCRP Report No. 181.\"  , 1 (2018)"},{"key":"60","unstructured":"et al.  \"The relative biological effectiveness of radiations of different quality. Report No. 104.\"  , 1 (1990)"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP. Little,  \"BMJ.\"  351, \"Ionising radiation in the workplace.\" h5405 (2015)","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5405"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Wakeford,  \"Br J Cancer.\"  119, \"The growing importance of radiation worker studies.\" 527 (2018)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0134-6"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Rosner, WC Willett, D Spiegelman,  \"Statist Med.\"  8, \"Correction of logistic regression relative risk estimates and confidence intervals for systematic within-person measurement error.\" 1051 (1989)","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780080905"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Kuha,  \"Statist Med.\"  13, \"Corrections for exposure measurement error in logistic regression models with an application to nutritional data.\" 1135 (1994)","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780131105"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ. Schervish,  \"Theory of statistics.\"  , 1 (1995)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4250-5_1"},{"key":"66","unstructured":"et al.  \"Ann ICRP.\"  21, \"Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.\" 1 (1990)"},{"key":"67","unstructured":"et al.  \"UNSCEAR 1994 report to the General Assembly, with scientific annexes. Report no. E.94.IX.11.\"  , 1 (1994)"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MP Little, F de Vathaire, MW Charles, et al.  \"J Radiol Prot.\"  17, \"Variations with time and age in the relative risks of solid cancer incidence after radiation exposure.\" 159 (1997)","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/17\/3\/004"}],"container-title":["Radiation Research"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T07:12:46Z","timestamp":1600672366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/radiation-research\/volume-194\/issue-3\/RR15571.1\/Lifetime-Mortality-Risk-from-Cancer-and-Circulatory-Disease-Predicted-from\/10.1667\/RR15571.1.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/rr15571.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-7587"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-7587","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]}}}