{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T12:17:55Z","timestamp":1783513075158,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Increased prostaglandin biosynthesis during intrauterine infection may be a possible mechanism by which preterm labour is initiated. Inflammatory cytokines and growth factors are known to stimulate prostaglandin production through an increase in prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS)-2 synthesis and activity. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, can downregulate PGHS-2 expression and inhibit prostaglandin production. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to determine the effects of IL-4 on PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 expression in amion-derived WISH cells treated with inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. In WISH cells, near-maximal production of the PGHS-2 mRNA occurred using 5 ng\/ml EGF, 1 ng\/ml IL-1beta or 50 ng\/ml TNF-alpha. Time-course experiments determined that the PGHS-2 mRNA was induced maximally by these stimuli by 1 h. Pretreatment of WISH cells with IL-4 reduced PGHS-2 mRNA levels at 1 h by 67% in cells treated with EGF, 62% in cells treated with IL-1beta and 54% in cells treated with TNF-alpha. Pretreatment with IL-4 more effectively inhibited PGHS-2 expression than simultaneous addition with EGF or IL-1beta but not TNF-alpha. Immunoblot analysis showed a correlation between inhibition of mRNA levels and levels of PGHS-2 protein, although stimulation of PGHS-2 protein production by EGF was undetectable. Levels of PGHS-1 protein and mRNA remained unchanged in all experiments. Increased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in response to TNF-alpha and IL-1beta treatment was attenuated by IL-4 pretreatment, by 52% and 72%, respectively. No attenuation of EGF-stimulated PGE2 levels was seen. We conclude that IL-4 inhibits PGHS-2 mRNA and protein production in cytokine-stimulated WISH cells, but does not affect EGF-stimulated PGE2 production, suggesting that EGF can induce prostaglandin biosynthesis by a mechanism other than through increased PGHS-2 expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0210317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,2]],"date-time":"2004-12-02T18:43:59Z","timestamp":1102013039000},"page":"317-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of interleukin-4 on the expression and activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 in amnion-derived WISH cells"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"JS","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WR","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HC","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JA","family":"Keelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TA","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MD","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","container-title":["Journal of Molecular Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/jme\/21\/3\/317.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/21\/3\/317\/46943\/317.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/21\/3\/317\/46943\/317.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:45:37Z","timestamp":1783511137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/jme\/article\/21\/3\/317\/6194\/Effects-of-interleukin-4-on-the-expression-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/jme.0.0210317","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-6813","0952-5041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-6813","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0952-5041","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]}}}