{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:45:29Z","timestamp":1780929929332,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["G\u00e9otechnique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Elastoplastic finite element analyses were performed to determine the effects of elastic anisotropy on surface settlements caused by a uniform surface loading and by tunnelling. For typical ranges of elastic cross-anisotropic parameters, the effect of anisotropy on settlement induced by surface loading is modest; however, for the case of tunnelling, the effect of elastic anisotropy, in particular the ratio of the independent shear modulus G<jats:sub>vh<\/jats:sub>, to vertical modulus E<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>, should be considered if reasonable predictions of settlement are to be obtained. The practical implications of these find- ings are shown by considering the centrifugal model tunnel tests conducted at Cambridge University. It is found that the anisotropy has a significant effect on the shape of the settlement trough and that reasonable agreement between observa-tion and theory is obtained for G<jats:sub>vh<\/jats:sub>\/E<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>, of between 0\u00b72 and O\u00b725, which is smaller thanthe isotropic value of G<jats:sub>vh<\/jats:sub>\/E<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>, = 0\u00b733 (for the undrained condition). The reasons for this are discussed. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Des analyses \u00e9lasto-plastiques par \u00e9l\u00e9ments infinis furent effectu\u00e9es pour d\u00e9terminer les effets de I'anisotropie \u00e9lastique sur les tassements de surface provoqu\u00e9 par un chargement uniforme superficiel et la construction de tunnels. Pour la gamme typique des param\u00e9tres d'anisoptropie \u00e9lastique l'anisotropie n'a que peu d'effet sur le tassement induit par le chargement supeticiel, tandis que dans le cas des tunnels I'influence de I'anisotropie \u00e9lastique etplus particuli\u00e9rement le rapport entre le module de cisaillement ind\u00e9p\u00e9ndant G<jats:sub>vh<\/jats:sub>, et le module verticl E<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>, doit \u00e9tre cousid\u00e9t\u00e9 afin d'obtenir des predictions raisonnables du tassement. Les implications pratiques sont d\u00e9montr\u00e9es par une description des essais mod de tunnels effectu\u00e9s sur la centrifugeuse de I'Univerisit\u00e9 de Cambridge. On a trouv\u00e9 que I'anisoptropie une influence importante sur la forme de la curette de tassement et qu'une concordance raisonnable entre I'observation et la th\u00e9orie est obtenue pour un rapport G<jats:sub>vh<\/jats:sub>\/E<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>, d'entre O\u00b72 et O\u00b725, ce qui estinf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la valeur isotrope de G<jats:sub>vh<\/jats:sub>\/E<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> = O\u00b733 (condition non-drain\u00e9e). L'article en discute les causes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1680\/geot.1989.39.1.125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,20]],"date-time":"2009-10-20T08:12:29Z","timestamp":1256026349000},"page":"125-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Deformations caused by surface loading and tunnelling: the role of elastic anisotropy"],"prefix":"10.1680","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"K. M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geotechnical Research Centre, University of Western Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. K.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geotechnical Research Centre, University of Western Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","container-title":["G\u00e9otechnique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.icevirtuallibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1680\/geot.1989.39.1.125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:27:05Z","timestamp":1753392425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jgeot\/article\/39\/1\/125-140\/402419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1680\/geot.1989.39.1.125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1680\/geot.1989.39.1.125","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-8505","1751-7656"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7656","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,3]]}}}