{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:06:58Z","timestamp":1771610818147,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"ICE Publishing Limited","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780727760678","type":"print"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The chemical stabilization of a soil is dependent on a wide range of parameters, being the most important ones associated to the soil properties (size distribution, plasticity characteristics, organic matter content, chemical composition, pH) and cementitious materials (type, quantity). The nanoparticles are not a cementitious material but once introduced in a soil they are expected to reduce the interparticles\u2019 spacing, which will promote the construction of a stronger and stiffer soil skeleton matrix together with the cementitious materials, therefore improving the mechanical properties of the soil. In order to maximize the benefits of the nanoparticles (multiwall carbon nanotubes, MWCNT) added to a stabilized soil it is crucial to overcome the problems related with particle agglomeration. Thus, it was defined a screening strategy which comprises the characterization of the MWCNT (zeta potential and size), the definition of the aqueous medium with surfactant addition, the characterization of the surfactant (molecular weight and hydrodynamic radius) and the application of energy to promote the particles\u2019 dispersion. The quality of the suspension, in terms of particles\u2019 dispersion, was evaluated trough the analysis of the particle size distribution given by dynamic light scattering (DLS). After, a series of performance tests with cement Portland and MWCNT were conducted. The preliminary results from the unconfined compressive strength tests (UCS) have shown the high potential of adding multiwall carbon nanotubes to a chemically stabilized soil. The results have also pointed out the importance of the nanoparticles stabilization process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1680\/ecsmge.60678.vol3.201","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:13:38Z","timestamp":1771607618000},"page":"1389-1394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical stabilization of a soft soil with multiwall carbon\n                        nanotubes"],"prefix":"10.1680","author":[{"given":"A.A.S.","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, CIEPQPF, University of Coimbra 1 , Coimbra ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"D.T.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.G.","family":"Rasteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Center on Chemical Processes and Forest Products \u2013 CIEPQPF, University of Coimbra 2 , Coimbra ,","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r1","unstructured":"Coelho,\n                                    P.A.L.F.\u20082000.\n                                    Geotechnical characterization of soft soils.\n                                    Study of the experimental site of Quinta do Foja, MSc\n                                Dissertation, University of\n                                Coimbra\u2008(in\n                            portuguese)."},{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r2","unstructured":"Correia,\n                                    A.A.S.\u20082011.\n                                    Applicability of deep mixing technique to the\n                                    soft soils of Baixo Mondego, Ph.D.\n                                Dissertation, University of\n                                Coimbra\u2008(in\n                                Portuguese)."},{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r3","volume-title":"Applying multiwall carbon nanotubes for soil\n                                stabilization","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r4","volume-title":"Practitioner\u2019s guide for deep-mixed stabilization of\n                                organic soils and peat, Final Report","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r5","unstructured":"Figueiredo,\n                                    D.T.R.\u20082014.\n                                    Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes dispersions\n                                    for application in soil stabilization, MSc.\n                                Thesis, Univ. of Coimbra,\n                                Coimbra, Portugal."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2010.08.006","article-title":"Assessment of strength development in blended cement\n                                admixed Bangkok clay","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"Construction and\n                                Buildings Materials"},{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r7","first-page":"47","volume-title":"The function of different binding agents in deep\n                                satbilization","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r8","volume-title":"The deep mixing method","year":"2013"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:10(1042)","article-title":"Fundamental parameters of cement-admixed clay- New\n                                approach","volume":"130","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Geotechnical and\n                                Geoenvironmental Engineering"},{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16657-0","volume-title":"Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1680\/gi.1998.020204","article-title":"State of the art in deep mixing technology: part I.\n                                Basic concepts and overview","volume":"2","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ground\n                                Improvement"},{"key":"2026022012125026400_ecsmge_60678_vol3_201_92.r12","volume-title":"Cement Chemistry","year":"1997","edition":"2nd edition"}],"container-title":["Geotechnical Engineering for Infrastructure and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/books\/edited-volume\/chapter-pdf\/10350219\/ecsmge_60678_vol3_201.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:15:46Z","timestamp":1771607746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/books\/book\/17838\/chapter\/98006788\/Chemical-stabilization-of-a-soft-soil-with"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"ISBN":["9780727760678"],"references-count":12,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1680\/ecsmge.60678.vol3.201","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}}}