{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:18:02Z","timestamp":1789215482025,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RO1 DK101674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 DK101674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Solutes that accumulate when the kidneys fail range in size from approximately 40 to 40,000 Da. Their dialytic clearance tends to decrease as their size increases. Disproportionate accumulation of large solutes has therefore long been considered a potential contributor to residual illness in patients on dialysis. Early efforts focused on the removal of middle molecules with mass from 300 to 2000 Da. The identification of amyloidosis caused by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u00df<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    microglobulin (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u00df<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    M) with mass 12,000 Da shifted the focus to low\u2013molecular weight proteins. High-flux dialysis and hemodiafiltration increase the clearance of these larger solutes. However, nonkidney clearance and solute compartmentalization limit the extent to which their plasma levels can be lowered by increasing their clearance during treatments of standard duration. Clinical benefits of high-volume hemodiafiltration thus cannot readily be accounted for by a reduction in the levels of known large solutes. The accumulation of peptides in the original middle molecular range and the clearance of larger solutes by peritoneal dialysis have been largely neglected. There is new interest in increasing the clearance of solutes even larger than\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u00df<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    M by extended dialysis. Ongoing clinical trials will extend our knowledge of the effects of extended dialysis and hemodiafiltration. In the future, we might more effectively reduce plasma large-solute levels by manipulating their nonkidney clearance, which is now poorly understood.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u00df<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    M is the only large solute whose accumulation in kidney failure has been shown to have specific ill effects. Identification of the ill effects of other large solutes might prompt the development of more targeted therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.0000000651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T12:03:35Z","timestamp":1738670615000},"page":"734-743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Increasing the Removal of Large Solutes by Kidney Replacement Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9707-5399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy W.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Stanford University and VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"B1-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121175","article-title":"Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins","volume":"23","author":"Duranton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B2-20250930","first-page":"29","article-title":"Discussion: large-scale hemodialysis: engineering and economic considerations","volume":"11","author":"Scribner","year":"1965","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs."},{"issue":"0","key":"B3-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-197201000-00030","article-title":"Hemodialyzer evaluation by examination of solute molecular spectra","volume":"18","author":"Babb","year":"1972","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs."},{"key":"B4-20250930","first-page":"48","article-title":"Further experience with hemodialysis at 100 ml\/min dialysate flow rate","volume":"1","author":"Milutinovic","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum."},{"issue":"1","key":"B5-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1978.tb01002.x","article-title":"Uremic neuropathy: evidence of middle molecule toxicity","volume":"2","author":"Milutinovic","year":"1978","journal-title":"Artif Organs."},{"key":"B6-20250930","first-page":"5","article-title":"Separation, isolation, and identification of middle molecules","volume":"4 suppl","author":"Bergstrom","year":"1981","journal-title":"Artif Organs."},{"key":"B7-20250930","article-title":"The changing face of dialyzer membranes and dialyzers","author":"Davenport","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Dial."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"B8-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii22","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy228","article-title":"Membrane innovation: closer to native kidneys","volume":"33","author":"Storr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"B9-20250930","first-page":"1","article-title":"The birth of hemodiafiltration","volume":"158","author":"Henderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol."},{"key":"B10-20250930","first-page":"99","article-title":"The development of a diafiltration system for blood purification","volume":"14","author":"Bixler","year":"1968","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs."},{"issue":"3","key":"B11-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V83494","article-title":"Kinetics of hemodiafiltration. II. Clinical characterization of a new blood cleansing modality. 1975","volume":"8","author":"Henderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B12-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1159\/000410211","article-title":"Hemofiltration\u2013an improved method of treatment for chronic renal failure","volume":"44","author":"Quellhorst","year":"1985","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol."},{"key":"B13-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000423352","article-title":"A decade of experience with on-line hemofiltration\/hemodialfiltration","volume":"108","author":"Sternby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B14-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.1998.06072.x","article-title":"Principles and practice of hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration","volume":"22","author":"Ledebo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Artif Organs."},{"issue":"4","key":"B15-20250930","first-page":"156","article-title":"Ultrafiltration without dialysis for removal of fluid and solutes in uremia","volume":"9","author":"Bergstrom","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol."},{"key":"B16-20250930","first-page":"291","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome, shoulder pain and amyloid deposits in long-term haemodialysis patients","volume":"21","author":"Charra","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc Eur Ren Assoc."},{"issue":"9","key":"B17-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198602273140920","article-title":"Serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin as a new form of amyloid protein in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis","volume":"314","author":"Gejyo","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"B18-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.suppl_6.10","article-title":"The current place of urea kinetic modelling with respect to different dialysis modalities","volume":"13","author":"Gotch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"5","key":"B19-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2011.00979.x","article-title":"Dialysis cannot be dosed","volume":"24","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Dial."},{"issue":"3","key":"B20-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.160","article-title":"A mechanistic analysis of the national cooperative dialysis study (NCDS)","volume":"28","author":"Gotch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"B21-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.441","article-title":"The Italian Cooperative Dialysis Study Group. Effects of different membranes and dialysis technologies on patient treatment tolerance and nutritional parameters","volume":"50","author":"Locatelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"25","key":"B22-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021583","article-title":"Effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"347","author":"Eknoyan","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"B23-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005020132","article-title":"Serum beta-2 microglobulin levels predict mortality in dialysis patients: results of the HEMO study","volume":"17","author":"Cheung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"8","key":"B24-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000048","article-title":"Resistance to intercompartmental mass transfer limits beta2-microglobulin removal by post-dilution hemodiafiltration","volume":"69","author":"Ward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"B25-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.1.58","article-title":"beta(2)-microglobulin kinetics in nocturnal haemodialysis","volume":"15","author":"Raj","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"B26-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121140","article-title":"Effect of online hemodiafiltration on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Grooteman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"B27-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012080875","article-title":"High-efficiency postdilution online hemodiafiltration reduces all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients","volume":"24","author":"Maduell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B28-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs407","article-title":"Mortality and cardiovascular events in online haemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) compared with high-flux dialysis: results from the Turkish OL-HDF Study","volume":"28","author":"Ok","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"B29-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.01.013","article-title":"Treatment tolerance and patient-reported outcomes favor online hemodiafiltration compared to high-flux hemodialysis in the elderly","volume":"91","author":"Morena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"B30-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000461","article-title":"Kinetics of \u03b2-2-microglobulin with hemodiafiltration and high-flux hemodialysis","volume":"19","author":"Ward","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B31-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv349","article-title":"Haemodiafiltration and mortality in end-stage kidney disease patients: a pooled individual participant data analysis from four randomized controlled trials","volume":"31","author":"Peters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"1","key":"B32-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.264","article-title":"Higher convection volume exchange with online hemodiafiltration is associated with survival advantage for dialysis patients: the effect of adjustment for body size","volume":"89","author":"Davenport","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"B33-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304820","article-title":"Effect of hemodiafiltration or hemodialysis on mortality in kidney failure","volume":"389","author":"Blankestijn","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"B34-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.13039","article-title":"Why and how high volume hemodiafiltration may reduce cardiovascular mortality in stage 5 chronic kidney disease dialysis patients? A comprehensive literature review on mechanisms involved","volume":"35","author":"Canaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Dial."},{"issue":"12","key":"B35-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad136","article-title":"Haemodiafiltration for all: are we CONVINCEd?","volume":"38","author":"Shroff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"3","key":"B36-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000355","article-title":"Survival benefit with hemodiafiltration: are we convinced, and if so, what might Be the mechanism?","volume":"19","author":"Daugirdas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B37-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510802326469","article-title":"Cystatin C as a filtration marker--haemodialysis patients expose its strengths and limitations","volume":"69","author":"Sjostrom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest."},{"issue":"7","key":"B38-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07510713","article-title":"Removal and rebound kinetics of cystatin C in high-flux hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration","volume":"9","author":"Vilar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B39-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510510013523","article-title":"Determination of the production rate and non-renal clearance of cystatin C and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate from the serum concentration of cystatin C in humans","volume":"65","author":"Sjostrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest."},{"issue":"12","key":"B40-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0143813","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143813","article-title":"Plasma levels of middle molecules to estimate residual kidney function in haemodialysis without urine collection","volume":"10","author":"Vilar","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"3","key":"B41-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.139489","article-title":"Cystatin C: an alternative dialysis adequacy marker in high flux hemodialysis","volume":"25","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol."},{"issue":"10","key":"B42-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02910509","article-title":"Cystatin C levels in functionally anephric patients undergoing dialysis: the effect of different methods and intensities","volume":"4","author":"Al-Malki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"B43-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12749","article-title":"The effect of increased frequency of hemodialysis on serum cystatin C and \u03b22-microglobulin concentrations: a secondary analysis of the frequent hemodialysis network (FHN) trial","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hemodial Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"B44-20250930","first-page":"165","article-title":"Performance of hemodialysis with novel medium cut-off dialyzers","volume":"32","author":"Kirsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"B45-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii41","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy202","article-title":"Expanded haemodialysis: from operational mechanism to clinical results","volume":"33","author":"Ronco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"5","key":"B46-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10110917","article-title":"Exploring the clinical relevance of providing increased removal of large middle molecules","volume":"13","author":"Wolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"5","key":"B47-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.13071","article-title":"Hemodiafiltration (HDF) versus expanded hemodialysis (HDx)","volume":"35","author":"Maduell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Dial."},{"key":"B48-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000479265","article-title":"The place of large pore membranes in the treatment portfolio of patients on hemodialysis","volume":"191","author":"Van Biesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B49-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0002-x","article-title":"Haemodialysis membranes","volume":"14","author":"Ronco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B50-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E397","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00134.2003","article-title":"Hepatosplanchnic clearance of interleukin-6 in humans during exercise","volume":"285","author":"Febbraio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"B51-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2010.06.013","article-title":"Impaired hepatic removal of interleukin-6 in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"53","author":"Wiest","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"issue":"4","key":"B52-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1988.214","article-title":"Metabolism of complement factor D in renal failure","volume":"34","author":"Pascual","year":"1988","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"B53-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0220448","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220448","article-title":"Long-term effect of medium cut-off dialyzer on middle uremic toxins and cell-free hemoglobin","volume":"14","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"6","key":"B54-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1159\/000508061","article-title":"Comparison of circulating levels of uremic toxins in hemodialysis patients treated with medium cut-off membranes and high-flux membranes: theranova in sisli hamidiye etfal (THE SHE) randomized control study","volume":"49","author":"Sevinc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"issue":"9","key":"B55-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01210120","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of expanded hemodialysis with the theranova 400 dialyzer: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Weiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B56-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1159\/000531355","article-title":"Improved beta2-microglobulin and phosphorous removal with expanded hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration versus high-flux hemodialysis: a cross-over randomized clinical trial","volume":"52","author":"Vega-Vega","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"issue":"6","key":"B57-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.23.061","article-title":"Medium cut-off dialyzer improves reduction ratios of large middle molecules associated with vascular calcification","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract."},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"B58-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i32","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab182","article-title":"Flummoxed by flux: the indeterminate principles of haemodialysis","volume":"14","author":"Bowry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J."},{"issue":"3","key":"B59-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1159\/000526891","article-title":"Comparison of high-flux, super high-flux, medium cut-off hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration on the removal of uremic toxins","volume":"52","author":"Belmouaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"issue":"10","key":"B60-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e988","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003350","article-title":"A double-blind randomized controlled trial of high cutoff versus standard hemofiltration in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury","volume":"46","author":"Atan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"B61-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000149","article-title":"High-cutoff hemodialysis therapy for patients with light chain cast nephropathy and AKI requiring dialysis: commentary","volume":"4","author":"Cosmai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney360."},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"B62-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.suppl_4.31","article-title":"Reduction of circulating beta2-microglobulin level for the treatment of dialysis-related amyloidosis","volume":"16","author":"Kazama","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"2","key":"B63-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1159\/000046952","article-title":"First clinical experience with an adjunctive hemoperfusion device designed specifically to remove beta(2)-microglobulin in hemodialysis","volume":"19","author":"Ronco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"issue":"4","key":"B64-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1159\/000536075","article-title":"Effects of extracorporeal blood flow rates on patient tolerance for LIXELLE\u00ae treatment during outpatient hemodialysis","volume":"53","author":"Dhande","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"issue":"1","key":"B65-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04310-2","article-title":"Rationale for sequential extracorporeal therapy (SET) in sepsis","volume":"27","author":"Ronco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"issue":"12","key":"B66-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae089","article-title":"Hemoadsorption: consensus report of the 30th acute disease quality initiative workgroup","volume":"39","author":"Bellomo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"12","key":"B67-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh509","article-title":"Proteomics: a novel tool to unravel the patho-physiology of uraemia","volume":"19","author":"Weissinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"B68-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.05.010","article-title":"Is isolation of comprehensive human plasma peptidomes an achievable quest?","volume":"127","author":"Mahboob","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Proteomics."},{"key":"B69-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.enz.2017.08.003","article-title":"The peptidome comes of age: mass spectrometry-based characterization of the circulating cancer peptidome","volume":"42","author":"Greening","year":"2017","journal-title":"Enzymes."},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"B70-20250930","first-page":"E723","article-title":"Renal assimilation of oligopeptides: physiological mechanisms and metabolic importance","volume":"272","author":"Adibi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"B71-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F885","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00123.2002","article-title":"An update on renal peptide transporters","volume":"284","author":"Daniel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B72-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2003.08.008","article-title":"Search for peptidic \u201cmiddle molecules\u201d in uremic sera: isolation and chemical identification of fibrinogen fragments","volume":"796","author":"Kaplan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"B73-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001640","article-title":"Superior dialytic clearance of beta(2)-microglobulin and p-cresol by high-flux hemodialysis as compared to peritoneal dialysis","volume":"70","author":"Evenepoel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"B74-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000499830","article-title":"Single session and weekly beta 2-microglobulin removal with different dialytic procedures: comparison between high-flux standard bicarbonate hemodialysis, post-dilution hemodiafiltration, short frequent hemodialysis with NxStage technology and automated peritoneal dialysis","volume":"48","author":"Brunati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"issue":"6","key":"B75-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.495","article-title":"Factors influencing serum levels and peritoneal clearances of low molecular weight proteins in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis","volume":"48","author":"Kabanda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"B76-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000443419","article-title":"Comparison of peritoneal low-molecular-weight-protein-removal in CCPD and CAPD patients based on C-terminal agrin fragment clearance","volume":"41","author":"Steubl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"B77-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12720","article-title":"Hemodialysis-related amyloidosis: is it still relevant?","volume":"31","author":"Kaneko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Dial."},{"issue":"1","key":"B78-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06357-y","article-title":"The high-volume haemodiafiltration vs high-flux haemodialysis registry trial (H4RT): a multi-centre, unblinded, randomised, parallel-group, superiority study to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of high-volume haemodiafiltration and high-flux haemodialysis in people with kidney failure on maintenance dialysis using linkage to routine healthcare databases for outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Caskey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials."},{"issue":"11","key":"B79-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad128","article-title":"Trial design of the MOTheR HDx study: a multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized study to explore the morbidity and mortality in patients dialyzed with the Theranova HDx in comparison with online hemodiafiltration","volume":"16","author":"de Sequera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J."},{"issue":"12","key":"B80-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02660221","article-title":"Classification of uremic toxins and their role in kidney failure","volume":"16","author":"Rosner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"7","key":"B81-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001074","article-title":"Quantifying the effect of plasma viscosity on in vivo dialyzer performance","volume":"66","author":"Schneditz","year":"2020","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"6","key":"B82-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000196","article-title":"Downloadable computer models for renal replacement therapy","volume":"69","author":"Walther","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1681\/ASN.0000000651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T19:41:21Z","timestamp":1786131681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1681\/ASN.0000000651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.0000000651","relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-6673","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-3450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}}}