{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:46:36Z","timestamp":1791996396392,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["DK129240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK129240"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["DK129205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK129205"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["DK128017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK128017"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["DK129886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK129886"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The kidney microvasculature was quantified reliably in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease early on, using super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Microvascular parameters correlated with structural and functional indices, constituting promising biomarkers to evaluate noncystic parenchyma.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Microvascular parameters may serve to assess disease severity and monitor progression from the early stages of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies in individuals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have shown extensive intrarenal microvascular remodeling. However, analyses have been limited to the time of kidney failure because of the invasive nature of current methodologies to assess the intrarenal microvasculature. We hypothesized that super-resolution ultrasound microvascular imaging, known as ultrasound localization microscopy, enabled by high-framerate ultrasound imaging and microbubble localization and tracking postprocessing techniques, would safely, reliably, and reproducibly assess the intrarenal microvasculature in individuals with ADPKD at an early stage of the disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We prospectively enrolled young (&lt;40 years of age), well-characterized, early-stage (eGFR &gt;90 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) individuals with ADPKD, and sex\u2013age 1:1 matched controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =17 each) and assessed the intrarenal microvasculature using ultrasound localization microscopy. We determined the intersonographer reliability, intraobserver repeatability, and interobserver reproducibility of microvascular parameters in both groups, and the day-to-day variability in the control group. Microvascular parameters were correlated with structural (total kidney volume) and functional (eGFR) markers in individuals with ADPKD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ultrasound localization microscopy provided a super-resolved map of the intrarenal microvasculature in ADPKD and matched controls. Intrarenal microvascular parameters (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g<\/jats:italic>\n                      ., vessel density) were quantified in a safe, reliable (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 0.98), reproducible (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 0.98), and repeatable (coefficient of variations, 3.6%) manner. In control individuals, the day-to-day variability of most parameters was low, with coefficient of variation ranging from 1.8% to 10.7%. Microvascular parameters differed in individuals with ADPKD compared with controls, despite preserved eGFR. Interestingly, cortical vessel density and its derived perfusion correlated directly with eGFR, whereas tortuosity indices presented an inverse correlation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ultrasound localization microscopy provided a safe and reliable\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      assessment of the human intrarenal microvasculature.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.0000000968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T17:00:44Z","timestamp":1765299644000},"page":"1221-1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultrasound Localization Microscopy to Assess the Intrarenal Microvasculature in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengwu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7871-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdelfattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2135-6607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M.","family":"DeRuiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1520-118X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6317-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate M.","family":"Knoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7479-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendra E.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6672-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3031-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie C.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3864-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Eirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3271-3887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilach O.","family":"Lerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9904-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria V.","family":"Irazabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1-20261014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.59","article-title":"Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): executive summary from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 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