{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:23:46Z","timestamp":1787747026754,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DK115752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK115752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R01HD111399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD111399"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"US Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1-I01-BX006266-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-I01-BX006266-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>A HaloTag knock-in resource allows direct visualization of endogenous polycystin-2 (PC2), enabling quantitative analysis of its localization, turnover, and transport dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            PC2-HaloTag labeling establishes PC1-dependent and Tulp3-dependent control of PC2 ciliary targeting\n                            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                            and in cells.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Polycystin-2, encoded by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PKD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is a cation channel essential for kidney physiology. Dysfunction of Pkd2 causes autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Currently, our understanding of cystogenesis in the kidney is limited by the difficulty of visualizing the localization and molecular functions of endogenous polycystin proteins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats\/Cas9, we engineered a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pkd2<\/jats:italic>\n                      HaloTag knock-in mouse (referred to as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pkd2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>c-Halo<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and derived tsSV40-immortalized\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pkd2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>c-Halo<\/jats:sup>\n                      renal epithelial cell lines. We optimized HaloTag labeling for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      applications, demonstrating its use in confocal and live cell microscopy, pulse-chase assays, affinity isolation, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      imaging of Pkd2 protein localization after kidney injury and in disease-relevant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tulp3<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>R400W\/R400W<\/jats:sup>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pkd1<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>null<\/jats:sup>\n                      mutant backgrounds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Homozygous\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pkd2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>c-Halo<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice were viable, fertile, and phenotypically normal, confirming that the C-terminal HaloTag did not disrupt Pkd2 function. Pkd2-c-Halo was detected by Western blotting and localized to endoplasmic reticulum and the primary cilium. Labeling occurred within 30 minutes and plateaued by 3 hours at doses of \u22652 nmol\/mouse and \u226525 nM\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and in cultured cells, respectively. Pulse-chase analysis showed complete Pkd2-c-Halo turnover within 48 hours in the cilia of the choroid plexus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 24 hours in cultured renal epithelial cells. HaloTrap affinity resin purified the endogenous Pkd2-c-Halo from cells and tissues efficiently for protein complex analysis. While kidney injury is known to accelerate cyst formation, unilateral ureteral obstruction did not alter Pkd2-c-Halo expression or distribution. Finally, in a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pkd1<\/jats:italic>\n                      null background or in mice homozygous for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tulp3<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>R400W<\/jats:sup>\n                      , an allele identified in a patient with hepatorenal cystic disease, Pkd2-c-Halo failed to localize in cilia in kidney tubule epithelium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Pkd2-c-Halo mouse and derived renal epithelial cell lines enable detection of endogenous polycystin-2\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , allowing analysis of its localization, turnover under homeostatic conditions, after kidney injury, and in disease-relevant genetic backgrounds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.0000001036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:02:49Z","timestamp":1770742969000},"page":"1674-1688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A HaloTag Knock-In Resource for In Vivo and In Vitro Analysis of Endogenous Polycystin-2 Localization, Turnover, and Transport"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3796-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney J.","family":"Haycraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5208-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandy J.","family":"Croyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6379-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3810-6487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Simanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6358-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan Chweih","family":"Vendrame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3413-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfiya Ibrahimbhai","family":"Kachwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 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Alabama"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Parnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela V.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas 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P.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0812-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry J.","family":"Watnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0247-1944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley K.","family":"Yoder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 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