{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:54:36Z","timestamp":1790189676403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81925006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81925006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["2024-1-4073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-1-4073"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFC2511000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2511000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Proteinuria responses to endothelin receptor antagonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors were not correlated.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Ambrisentan-henagliflozin combination therapy reduced proteinuria similarly to ambrisentan monotherapy but exceeded henagliflozin alone.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Combination therapy resulted in markedly less fluid retention and weight gain compared with endothelin receptor antagonist monotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) can reduce proteinuria and may slow kidney progression in IgA nephropathy. Their potential synergistic efficacy and safety are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This open-label randomized crossover trial enrolled adults with IgA nephropathy, eGFR &gt;30 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and 24-hour urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) \u22650.44 g\/g or 24-hour urine protein \u22650.5 g, despite maximal renin-angiotensin system blockade. Treatments were given in random order (ambrisentan 5 mg\/d, henagliflozin 10 mg\/d, and combination), each for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week washout. Primary end point was correlation between treatments in 24-hour UPCR changes. Secondary end points included eGFR change. Safety end points included fluid retention (body weight change).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-five patients were enrolled, with a mean baseline eGFR of 69 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (SD=23) and a median 24-hour UPCR of 0.8 g\/g (0.6\u20131.3). No correlation was found in 24-hour UPCR reduction between single-agent therapy and combination therapy (ambrisentan,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.13,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.97; henagliflozin,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.00). After treatment, the mean reduction in 24-hour UPCR was \u221244% with combination therapy (95% confidence interval [CI], \u221252 to \u221234), which was similar to ambrisentan alone (\u221248%; 95% CI, \u221256 to \u221239) but significantly superior to henagliflozin alone (\u221221%; 95% CI, \u221233 to \u22126). The mean reduction in eGFR from baseline was \u22124.7 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (95% CI, \u22126.9 to \u22122.6) with combination therapy, which was significantly greater than with ambrisentan (\u22120.5 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; 95% CI, \u22122.8 to 1.9) but comparable with henagliflozin (\u22123.5 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; 95% CI, \u22125.8 to \u22121.2). Less fluid retention occurred with combination treatment versus ambrisentan alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combining an ERA with an SGLT2 inhibitor further reduced proteinuria versus SGLT2 inhibitor alone, with less fluid retention than ERA alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400080435).<\/jats:p>\n                  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