{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T20:02:18Z","timestamp":1786132938155,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"abstract":"\n Key Points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n The study assessed the efficacy and safety of steady concentration peritoneal dialysis using the Carry Life UF system in the home setting over 4 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Treatment with the Carry Life UF system resulted in higher ultrafiltration volume, sodium removal, and glucose ultrafiltration efficiency compared with a 2.5% dextrose control exchange.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The use of Carry Life UF in the home setting was well tolerated and safe, with no unexpected adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Steady concentration peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a novel therapy for improved fluid management. We compared the efficacy and safety of steady concentration PD using the Carry Life UF system with a standard 2.5% dextrose continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) exchange in the home setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, crossover study of adult patients on CAPD using 2\u20134 exchanges per day, with at least one daily 2.5% dextrose exchange. The home phase lasted 4 weeks for each study arm. During the Carry Life UF arm, one daily 2.5% dextrose exchange was replaced with a Carry Life UF treatment 3 days\/wk (1.5% dextrose solution for PD fill, 11 or 15 g\/h glucose dose) and a 1.5% dextrose exchange 4 days\/wk. The primary outcome was difference in ultrafiltration (UF) volume with 5-hour Carry Life UF treatment versus 5-hour 2.5% dextrose exchange (control). Secondary outcomes included adverse events, peritoneal sodium removal, and glucose UF efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 19 participants (mean [SD] age 56 [15] years, six women, seven with diabetes) completed the study. Peritoneal solute transfer rate categories were fast four, average 12, and slow three. The UF volume primary outcome was met as Carry Life UF was superior to control in a prespecified superiority margin of 250 ml, mean increase 381 ml, 95% confidence interval (CI, 285 to 477). For the Carry Life UF total group (11 and 15 g\/h cohorts analyzed together), mean (SD) UF volume was 513 (251) versus 132 (172) ml for the control. The secondary outcome peritoneal sodium removal was greater with Carry Life UF versus control (mean increase 43 mmol\/exchange, 95% CI, 32 to 54). The secondary outcome glucose UF efficiency (UF volume in relation to glucose absorption) was enhanced with Carry Life UF versus control (mean increase 6.4 ml\/g, 95% CI, 3.7 to 9.1). Two serious adverse events (peritonitis) occurred in the home phase, one episode in each study arm.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This 4-week home study of steady concentration PD using the Carry Life UF system demonstrated efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:<\/jats:title>\n NCT05874804.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.0000001152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:00:18Z","timestamp":1780581618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrafiltration and Sodium Removal in Steady Concentration Peritoneal Dialysis"],"prefix":"10.1681","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1059-6453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Wilkie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0901-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olof","family":"Heimb\u00fcrger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Medical Unit Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2322-0564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"de Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Triomed AB, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2453-9575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ola","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Triomed AB, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4467-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7323-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley L-S","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6595-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal and Transplant Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0153-3795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Castellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7813-551X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristien","family":"Daenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavanya","family":"Kamesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Cornacchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Clinical Nutrition Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rgen","family":"Hegbrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53294","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053294","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of fluid overload in Southern Chinese continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"4","key":"B2-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2013.00066","article-title":"Bioimpedance spectroscopy for the detection of fluid overload in Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"34","author":"Kwan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"B3-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv013","article-title":"Baseline hydration status in incident peritoneal dialysis patients: the initiative of patient 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pilot crossover trial","volume":"19","author":"Heimburger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B13-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04095-2","article-title":"A clinical study of efficacy and safety of the Carry Life UF system in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized, crossover study","volume":"26","author":"Wilkie","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"B14-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.6.1085","article-title":"Quantifying comorbidity in peritoneal dialysis patients and its relationship to other predictors of survival","volume":"17","author":"Davies","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"1","key":"B15-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02589-3","article-title":"Understand 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