{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:44:05Z","timestamp":1792291445781,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2014111063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T21:10:51Z","timestamp":1438290651000},"page":"305-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":416,"title":["Serum Trimethylamine-N-Oxide is Elevated in CKD and Correlates with Coronary Atherosclerosis Burden"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Stubbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Jacob","family":"Ocque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Kimber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Wetmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Nolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Spertus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization.","volume":"351","author":"Go","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R3-32-20230208","first-page":"S16","article-title":"Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease.","volume":"9","author":"Foley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R4-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.12.2597","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular accidents in predialysis chronic renal failure patients: a prospective study.","volume":"12","author":"Jungers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R5-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-013-0407-1","article-title":"The risk of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.","volume":"45","author":"Olechnowicz-Tietz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"R6-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00551.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"68","author":"Menon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R7-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000095676.90936.80","article-title":"Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention.","volume":"108","author":"Sarnak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R8-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.","volume":"19","author":"Koeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R9-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922","article-title":"Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.","volume":"472","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R10-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109400","article-title":"Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk.","volume":"368","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R11-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu002","article-title":"Prognostic value of choline and betaine depends on intestinal microbiota-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide.","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R12-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(98)00218-4","article-title":"Isoform specificity of trimethylamine N-oxygenation by human flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) and P450 enzymes: selective catalysis by FMO3.","volume":"56","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"R13-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258709043962","article-title":"The metabolism of 14C-labelled trimethylamine and its N-oxide in man.","volume":"17","author":"Al-Waiz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"R14-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1080\/004982597239949","article-title":"Metabolic disposition of [14C]-trimethylamine N-oxide in rat: variation with dose and route of administration.","volume":"27","author":"Mitchell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"R15-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfk056","article-title":"Accumulation of trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing haemodialysis.","volume":"21","author":"Bain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R16-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009111132","article-title":"Metabolite profiling identifies markers of uremia.","volume":"21","author":"Rhee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R17-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.305360","article-title":"Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway contributes to both development of renal insufficiency and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"116","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R18-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2024","article-title":"Low adiponectin levels are associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia and lipid-rich plaque in nondiabetic coronary arteries.","volume":"31","author":"Marso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R19-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.109.876672","article-title":"Diabetes duration is associated with increased thin-cap fibroatheroma detected by intravascular ultrasound with virtual histology.","volume":"2","author":"Lindsey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R20-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013080905","article-title":"The gut microbiome, kidney disease, and targeted interventions.","volume":"25","author":"Ramezani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R21-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.345","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease alters intestinal microbial flora.","volume":"83","author":"Vaziri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R22-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1159\/000189334","article-title":"Inhibition of the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood and their precursors in the feces after oral administration of Lebenin, a lactic acid bacteria preparation, to uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.","volume":"74","author":"Hida","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"R23-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000353764","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease causes disruption of gastric and small intestinal epithelial tight junction.","volume":"38","author":"Vaziri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"R24-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1159\/000186158","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability to differently sized polyethylene glycols in uremic rats: effects of low- and high-protein diets.","volume":"56","author":"Magnusson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"R25-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.7.754","article-title":"Impaired intestinal barrier function measured by differently sized polyethylene glycols in patients with chronic renal failure.","volume":"32","author":"Magnusson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R26-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-003-0381-7","article-title":"Bacterial translocation in experimental uremia.","volume":"32","author":"de Almeida Duarte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"R27-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912023412303","article-title":"Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant.","volume":"341","author":"Wolfe","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R28-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510110079036","article-title":"Comparison of survival probabilities for dialysis patients vs cadaveric renal transplant recipients.","volume":"270","author":"Port","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R29-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2005.29097.x","article-title":"Expression of scavenger receptor CD36 in chronic renal failure patients.","volume":"29","author":"Chmielewski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"R30-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2005.29110.x","article-title":"Aberrant activation of the TNF-alpha system and production of Fas and scavenger receptors on monocytes in patients with end-stage renal disease.","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"R31-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.107","article-title":"Enhanced scavenger receptor expression in monocyte-macrophages in dialysis patients.","volume":"49","author":"Ando","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R32-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.110","article-title":"Uremic serum enhances scavenger receptor expression and activity in the human monocytic cell line U937.","volume":"51","author":"Ando","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R33-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.6.1167","article-title":"Enhanced gene expression of scavenger receptor in peripheral blood monocytes from patients on cuprophane haemodialysis.","volume":"12","author":"Konishi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R34-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.188995","article-title":"Renal dysfunction potentiates foam cell formation by repressing ABCA1.","volume":"29","author":"Zuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R35-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate.","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R36-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.01.416","article-title":"KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD.","volume":"63","author":"Inker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R38-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(83)80105-2","article-title":"A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart disease.","volume":"51","author":"Gensini","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R39-32-20230208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.02.040","article-title":"Development and validation of a simple UHPLC-MS\/MS method for the simultaneous determination of trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, and betaine in human plasma and urine.","volume":"109","author":"Ocque","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00001751-201601000-00032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T19:26:49Z","timestamp":1786130809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00001751-201601000-00032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2014111063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-6673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-6673","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}}}