{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:14:10Z","timestamp":1792512850513,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome is unclear. However, the efficacy of rituximab, a B cell\u2013depleting antibody, in nephrotic syndrome suggests a pathogenic role of B cells. In this retrospective study, we determined by flow cytometry levels of B and T cell subpopulations before and after rituximab infusion in 28 pediatric patients with frequently relapsing or steroid\u2013dependent nephrotic syndrome. At baseline, patients had lower median percentages of transitional and mature B cells than age\u2013matched healthy controls (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001). Rituximab induced full depletion of B cells (&lt;1% of lymphocytes). At 1 year, most patients exhibited complete total and mature B cell recovery, whereas memory B cell subsets remained significantly depleted. Total T cell concentration did not change with rituximab, whereas the CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell ratio tended to increase. Fourteen patients relapsed within 24 months, with a median follow-up of 11.2 months (interquartile range, 8\u201317.7 months). We observed no difference at baseline between nonrelapsing and relapsing patients in several clinical parameters and cell subset concentrations. Reconstitution of all memory B cell subpopulations, number of immunosuppressive drugs, and dose of tacrolimus during the last 4 months of follow-up were predictive of relapse in univariate Cox regression analysis. However, only delayed reconstitution of switched memory B cells, independent of immunosuppressive treatment, was protective against relapse in multivariate (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01) and receiver operator characteristic (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01 for percentage of lymphocytes;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.02 for absolute count) analyses. Evaluation of switched memory B cell recovery after rituximab may be useful for predicting relapse in patients with nephrotic syndrome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2015050523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T22:04:42Z","timestamp":1447452282000},"page":"1811-1822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["B Cell Reconstitution after Rituximab Treatment in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Colucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Dialysis,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Carsetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Unit, Immunology and Pharmacotherapy Area,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Cascioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Casiraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche \u201cMario Negri,\u201d Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases \u201cAldo e Cele Dacc\u00f2,\u201d Ranica, Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche \u201cMario Negri,\u201d Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases \u201cAldo e Cele Dacc\u00f2,\u201d Ranica, Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucilla","family":"Rav\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Direction, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche \u201cMario Negri,\u201d Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases \u201cAldo e Cele Dacc\u00f2,\u201d Ranica, Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Emma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Dialysis,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Vivarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and 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