{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:57:42Z","timestamp":1791327462323,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common monogenetic disorders, is characterized by kidney failure caused by bilateral renal cyst growth. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been implicated in numerous diseases, but the role of these noncoding RNAs in ADPKD pathogenesis is still poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of miR-21, an oncogenic miR, in kidney cyst growth. We found that transcriptional activation of miR-21 is a common feature of murine PKD. Furthermore, compared with renal tubules from kidney samples of normal controls, cysts in kidney samples from patients with ADPKD had increased levels of miR-21. cAMP signaling, a key pathogenic pathway in PKD, transactivated miR-21 promoter in kidney cells and promoted miR-21 expression in cystic kidneys of mice. Genetic deletion of miR-21 attenuated cyst burden, reduced kidney injury, and improved survival of an orthologous model of ADPKD. RNA sequencing analysis and additional\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    assays showed that miR-21 inhibits apoptosis of cyst epithelial cells, likely through direct repression of its target gene\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">programmed cell death 4<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thus, miR-21 functions downstream of the cAMP pathway and promotes disease progression in experimental PKD. Our results suggest that inhibiting miR-21 is a potential new therapeutic approach to slow cyst growth in PKD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2015060634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]],"date-time":"2015-12-18T00:04:16Z","timestamp":1450397056000},"page":"2319-2330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["MicroRNA-21 Aggravates Cyst Growth in a Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ronak","family":"Lakhia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Hajarnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karam","family":"Aboudehen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matanel","family":"Yheskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Hatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, St. Jude\u2019s Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente E.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren P.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and the Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e3283262ab0","article-title":"Advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of polycystic kidney disease.","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"B2-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60601-1","article-title":"Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.","volume":"369","author":"Torres","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1205511","article-title":"Tolvaptan in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.","volume":"367","author":"Torres","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1038\/nm935","article-title":"Inhibition of renal cystic disease development and progression by a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist.","volume":"9","author":"Gattone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B5-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V3121841","article-title":"1992 Homer Smith Award. 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