{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:28:25Z","timestamp":1790630905559,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human kidney peritubular capillaries are particularly susceptible to injury, resulting in dysregulated angiogenesis, capillary rarefaction and regression, and progressive loss of kidney function. However, little is known about the structure and function of human kidney microvasculature. Here, we isolated, purified, and characterized human kidney peritubular microvascular endothelial cells (HKMECs) and reconstituted a three-dimensional human kidney microvasculature in a flow-directed microphysiologic system. By combining epithelial cell depletion and cell culture in media with high concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor, we obtained HKMECs of high purity in large quantity. Unlike other endothelial cells, isolated HKMECs depended on high vascular endothelial growth factor concentration for survival and growth and exhibited high tubulogenic but low angiogenic potential. Furthermore, HKMECs had a different transcriptional profile. Under flow, HKMECs formed a thin fenestrated endothelium with a functional permeability barrier. In conclusion, this three-dimensional HKMEC-specific microphysiologic system recapitulates human kidney microvascular structure and function and shows phenotypic characteristics different from those of other microvascular endothelial cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2015070747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]],"date-time":"2015-12-11T20:25:33Z","timestamp":1449865533000},"page":"2370-2381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["A Novel Three\u2013Dimensional Human Peritubular Microvascular System"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ligresti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering,"},{"name":"Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahide","family":"Aburatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan K.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo K.","family":"Bammler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Muczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy S.","family":"Duffield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine,"},{"name":"Kidney Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Himmelfarb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine,"},{"name":"Kidney Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering,"},{"name":"Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002224","article-title":"Acute kidney injury: Changing lexicography, definitions, and epidemiology.","volume":"71","author":"Himmelfarb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B2-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2038","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States.","volume":"298","author":"Coresh","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B3-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1214243","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease as interconnected syndromes.","volume":"371","author":"Chawla","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106118","article-title":"The relationship between peritubular capillary protein concentration and fluid reabsorption by the renal proximal tubule.","volume":"48","author":"Brenner","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B5-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1967.213.5.1225","article-title":"Renal peritubular capillary permeability to macromolecules.","volume":"213","author":"LeBrie","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B6-20230819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1987.tb08071.x","article-title":"Permeability of renal capillaries. 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