{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:52:24Z","timestamp":1790797944512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"\n The effect of air pollution on the changing pattern of glomerulopathy has not been studied. We estimated the profile of and temporal change in glomerular diseases in an 11-year renal biopsy series including 71,151 native biopsies at 938 hospitals spanning 282 cities in China from 2004 to 2014, and examined the association of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter of <2.5\n \u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n m (PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n ) with glomerulopathy. After age and region standardization, we identified IgA nephropathy as the leading type of glomerulopathy, with a frequency of 28.1%, followed by membranous nephropathy (MN), with a frequency of 23.4%. Notably, the adjusted odds for MN increased 13% annually over the 11-year study period, whereas the proportions of other major glomerulopathies remained stable. During the study period, 3-year average PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n exposure varied among the 282 cities, ranging from 6 to 114\n \u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n g\/m\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n (mean, 52.6\n \u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n g\/m\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n ). Each 10\n \u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n g\/m\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n increase in PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n concentration associated with 14% higher odds for MN (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.18) in regions with PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n concentration >70\n \u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n g\/m\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n . We also found that higher 3-year average air quality index was associated with increased risk of MN. In conclusion, in this large renal biopsy series, the frequency of MN increased over the study period, and long-term exposure to high levels of PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n was associated with an increased risk of MN.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2016010093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T22:44:20Z","timestamp":1467326660000},"page":"3739-3746","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":421,"title":["Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Increased Risk of Membranous Nephropathy in China"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guobao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, T.H. 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