{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:43:20Z","timestamp":1791492200145,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The TNF family member a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL; also known as TNFSF13), produced by myeloid cells, participates in the generation and survival of antibody\u2013producing plasma cells. We studied the potential role of APRIL in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We found that a significant proportion of germinal centers (GCs) in tonsils of patients with IgAN contained cells aberrantly producing APRIL, contributing to an overall upregulation of tonsillar APRIL expression compared with that in tonsils of control patients with tonsillitis. In IgAN GC, antigen\u2013experienced IgD\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD38\n                    <jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD19\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells expressing a switched IgG\/IgA B cell receptor produced APRIL. Notably, these GC B cells expressed mRNA encoding the common cleavable APRIL-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    but also, the less frequent APRIL-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b6<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA, which encodes a protein that lacks a furin cleavage site and is, thus, the uncleavable membrane-bound form. Significant correlation between TLR9 and APRIL expression levels existed in tonsils from patients with IgAN.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , repeated TLR9 stimulation induced APRIL expression in tonsillar B cells from control patients with tonsillitis. Clinically, aberrant APRIL expression in tonsillar GC correlated with greater proteinuria, and patients with IgAN and aberrant APRIL overexpression in tonsillar GC responded well to tonsillectomy, with parallel decreases in serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1. Taken together, our data indicate that antibody disorders in IgAN associate with TLR9\u2013induced aberrant expression of APRIL in tonsillar GC B cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2016050496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T22:00:30Z","timestamp":1480975230000},"page":"1227-1238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Toll-Like Receptor 9 Stimulation Induces Aberrant Expression of a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand by Tonsillar Germinal Center B Cells in IgA Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Muto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Manfroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Immunology for Chronic Pathologies, Albert Bonniot Institute, 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