{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:21:56Z","timestamp":1789611716578,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Polycystic liver disease is a well described manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Biliary tract complications are less well recognized. We report a 50-year single-center experience of 1007 patients, which raised a hypothesis that ADPKD is associated with biliary tract disease. We tested this hypothesis using all England Hospital Episode Statistics data (1998\u20132012), within which we identified 23,454 people with ADPKD and 6,412,754 hospital controls. Hospitalization rates for biliary tract disease, serious liver complications, and a range of other known ADPKD manifestations were adjusted for potential confounders. Compared with non-ADPKD hospital controls, those with ADPKD had higher rates of admission for biliary tract disease (rate ratio [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.16 to 2.33) and serious liver complications (RR, 4.67; 95% CI, 4.35 to 5.02). In analyses restricted to those on maintenance dialysis or with a kidney transplant, RRs attenuated substantially, but ADPKD remained associated with biliary tract disease (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.31) and perhaps with serious liver complications (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.33). The ADPKD versus non-ADPKD RRs for biliary tract disease were larger for men than women (heterogeneity\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001), but RRs for serious liver complications appeared higher in women (heterogeneity\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001). Absolute excess risk of biliary tract disease associated with ADPKD was larger than that for serious liver disease, cerebral aneurysms, and inguinal hernias but less than that for urinary tract infections. Overall, biliary tract disease seems to be a distinct and important extrarenal complication of ADPKD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2017010084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T20:25:21Z","timestamp":1493756721000},"page":"2738-2748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Biliary Tract and Liver Complications in Polycystic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Parminder K.","family":"Judge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council\u2013Population Health Research Unit,"},{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"},{"name":"Oxford Kidney Unit and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie H.S.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council\u2013Population Health Research Unit,"},{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Storey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council\u2013Population Health Research Unit,"},{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"},{"name":"Oxford Kidney Unit and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council\u2013Population Health Research Unit,"},{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"},{"name":"Oxford Kidney Unit and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Wilcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Kidney Unit and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Staplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raph","family":"Goldacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Baigent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council\u2013Population Health Research Unit,"},{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Goldacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Landray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council\u2013Population Health Research Unit,"},{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"},{"name":"Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Winearls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Kidney Unit and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Herrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"},{"name":"Oxford Kidney Unit 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