{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:48:42Z","timestamp":1791265722648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1)<\/jats:italic>\n                    encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of electrophilic compounds with glutathione to facilitate their degradation or excretion. The loss of one or both copies of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is common in many populations and has been associated with CKD progression. With the hypothesis that the loss of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is also associated with incident kidney failure and heart failure, we estimated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    copy number using exome sequencing reads in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a community-based prospective cohort of white and black participants. Overall, 51.2% and 39.8% of white participants and 25.6% and 48.5% of black participants had zero or one copy of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Over a median follow-up of 24.6 years, 256 kidney failure events occurred in 5715 participants without prevalent kidney failure, and 1028 heart failure events occurred in 5368 participants without prevalent heart failure. In analysis adjusted for demographics, diabetes, and hypertension, having zero or one copy of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with higher risk of kidney failure and heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] for zero or one versus two copies of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    : kidney failure, 1.66 [1.27 to 2.17]; heart failure, 1.16 [1.04 to 1.29]). Risk did not differ significantly between participants with zero and one copy of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;0.10). In summary, the loss of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was significantly associated with incident kidney and heart failure, independent of traditional risk factors. These results suggest\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    function is a potential treatment target for the prevention of kidney and heart failure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2017030228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T20:20:22Z","timestamp":1500409222000},"page":"3345-3352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Loss of GSTM1 Associates with Kidney Failure and Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Tin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and"},{"name":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Scharpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"},{"name":"Oncology,"},{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Estrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Health Research Collaborative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan L.","family":"Grove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia P.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunihiro","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and"},{"name":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"K\u00f6ttgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and"},{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan E.","family":"Arking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, and"},{"name":"McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Boerwinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thu H.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Coresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and"},{"name":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan E.","family":"Grams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and 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