{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:26:29Z","timestamp":1792009589450,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) has been hypothesized to play a role in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    We identified prospective studies reporting associations between FGF-23 concentration and risk of cardiovascular events. Maximally adjusted risk ratios (RRs) were extracted for each outcome and scaled to a comparison of the top versus bottom third of the baseline FGF-23 concentration, and the results aggregated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    Depending on the assay used, median FGF-23 concentrations were 43\u201374 RU\/ml and 38\u201347 pg\/ml in 17 general population cohorts; 102\u2013392 RU\/ml in nine cohorts of patients with CKD not requiring dialysis; and 79\u20134212 RU\/ml and 2526\u20135555 pg\/ml in eight cohorts of patients on dialysis. Overall, comparing participants in the top and bottom FGF-23 concentration thirds, the summary RRs (95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) were 1.33 (1.12 to 1.58) for myocardial infarction, 1.26 (1.13 to 1.41) for stroke, 1.48 (1.29 to 1.69) for heart failure, 1.42 (1.27 to 1.60) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.70 (1.52 to 1.91) for all-cause mortality. The summary RR for noncardiovascular mortality, calculated indirectly, was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.28 to 1.79). When studies were ordered by average differences in FGF-23 concentration between the top and bottom thirds, there was no trend in RRs across the studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    The similarly-sized associations between increased FGF-23 concentration and cardiovascular (atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic) and noncardiovascular outcomes, together with the absence of any exposure\u2013response relationship, suggest that the relationship between FGF-23 and cardiovascular disease risk may be noncausal.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2017121334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T16:08:06Z","timestamp":1526400486000},"page":"2015-2027","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Risks of Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Amarnath","family":"Marthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Research Centre,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Killian","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, UK;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Baigent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Research Centre,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Landray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Biostatistics Science, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"di Giuseppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Christian\u2013Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3940-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annet","family":"Bouma-de Krijger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borislava","family":"Mihaylova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Research Centre,"},{"name":"Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Herrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization","volume":"351","author":"Go","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2-20230829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.223","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. 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