{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T19:57:30Z","timestamp":1786132650959,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR-001085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR-001085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 DK085446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 DK085446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016900","name":"Peterson Center on Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000905","name":"The Commonwealth Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000905","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As federal and private payers move toward value-based payment, the authors sought to identify attributes of nephrology care associated with payer-defined value. The authors conducted site visits at United States nephrology practices ranking near the top or ranking near the 50th percentile on measures of quality and total cost of care commonly used by payers. They identified 12 care attributes common in highly ranked nephrology practices that fell into five themes: preventing near-term costly health crises, supporting patient self-care, maximizing effectiveness of office visits, selecting cost-effective diagnostic and treatment options, and developing infrastructure to support high-value care. A panel of nephrologists predicted that four value-based practices may be easiest to transfer to less-favorably ranked peers: rapidly adjustable office visit frequency for unstable patients, close monitoring and management to preserve kidney function, early planning for vascular access, and education to support self-management at every contact. Findings from this exploratory study may serve as a starting point for United States nephrologists who face increasingly value-sensitive payers and patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite growth in value-based payment, attributes of nephrology care associated with payer-defined value remains unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using national health insurance claims data from private preferred provider organization plans, we ranked nephrology practices using total cost of care and a composite of common quality metrics. Blinded to practice rankings, we conducted site visits at four highly ranked and three average ranked practices to identify care attributes more frequently present in highly ranked practices. A panel of nephrologists used a modified Delphi method to score each distinguishing attribute on its potential to affect quality and cost of care and ease of transfer to other nephrology practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with average-value peers, high-value practices were located in areas with a relatively higher proportion of black and Hispanic patients and a lower proportion of patients aged &gt;65 years. Mean risk-adjusted per capita monthly total spending was 24% lower for high-value practices. Twelve attributes comprising five general themes were observed more frequently in high-value nephrology practices: preventing near-term costly health crises, supporting patient self-care, maximizing effectiveness of office visits, selecting cost-effective diagnostic and treatment options, and developing infrastructure to support high-value care. The Delphi panel rated four attributes highly on effect and transferability: rapidly adjustable office visit frequency for unstable patients, close monitoring and management to preserve kidney function, early planning for vascular access, and education to support self-management at every contact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings from this small-scale exploratory study may serve as a starting point for nephrologists seeking to improve on payer-specified value measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2019030219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T15:05:13Z","timestamp":1573743913000},"page":"2464-2472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring Care Attributes of Nephrologists Ranking Favorably on Measures of Value"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3882-5270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian M.","family":"Brady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology,"},{"name":"Clinical Excellence Research Center, and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meera V.","family":"Ragavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Excellence Research Center, and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melora","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Excellence Research Center, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn M.","family":"Chertow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology,"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Milstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Excellence Research Center, and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20231016","first-page":"41","article-title":"Relationship between patient satisfaction with inpatient care and hospital readmission within 30 days.","volume":"17","author":"Boulding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"B2-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.09.020","article-title":"EPO adjustments in patients with elevated hemoglobin levels: Provider practice patterns compared with recommended practice guidelines.","volume":"49","author":"Collins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B3-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10171012","article-title":"Variation in nephrologist visits to patients on hemodialysis across dialysis facilities and geographic locations.","volume":"8","author":"Erickson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B4-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02800315","article-title":"Interstate variation in receipt of nephrologist care in US patients approaching ESRD: Race, age, and state characteristics.","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B5-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1500445","article-title":"Setting value-based payment goals--HHS efforts to improve U.S. health care.","volume":"372","author":"Burwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B6-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1204939","article-title":"Value-based purchasing--national programs to move from volume to value.","volume":"367","author":"VanLare","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"B7-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70229-0","article-title":"How end-stage renal disease (ESRD)-medicare developed.","volume":"35","author":"Schreiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B8-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01220212","article-title":"Comparing mandated health care reforms: The Affordable Care Act, accountable care organizations, and the Medicare ESRD program.","volume":"7","author":"Watnick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B9-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016101079","article-title":"The ESRD quality incentive program-can we bridge the chasm?","volume":"28","author":"Weiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B10-20231016","first-page":"627","article-title":"Medicare program; end-stage renal disease quality incentive program. Final rule.","volume":"76","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"B11-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1011024","article-title":"What is value in health care?","volume":"363","author":"Porter","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B12-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017040407","article-title":"The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act: Implications for nephrology.","volume":"28","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B14-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2012.1074","article-title":"Ten strategies to lower costs, improve quality, and engage patients: The view from leading health system CEOs.","volume":"32","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"B15-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2153","article-title":"Exploring attributes of high-value primary care.","volume":"15","author":"Simon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"B16-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3803","article-title":"Critical lessons from high-value oncology practices.","volume":"4","author":"Blayney","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B17-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-25","article-title":"Research in action: Using positive deviance to improve quality of health care.","volume":"4","author":"Bradley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"B18-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.09.004","article-title":"Survival after acute myocardial infarction (SAMI) study: The design and implementation of a positive deviance study.","volume":"162","author":"Krumholz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"B19-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004386","article-title":"What methods are used to apply positive deviance within healthcare organisations? A systematic review.","volume":"25","author":"Baxter","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"B20-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2010.01148.x","article-title":"Data and methods to facilitate delivery system reform: Harnessing collective intelligence to learn from positive deviance.","volume":"45","author":"Luft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B21-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000102367.93252.70","article-title":"Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs): A classification system for risk-adjusted capitation-based payment and health care management.","volume":"42","author":"Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"B22-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y","article-title":"Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research.","volume":"42","author":"Palinkas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"B23-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a567","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39602.690162.47","article-title":"Grounded theory, mixed methods, and action research.","volume":"337","author":"Lingard","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B24-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.9.3.458","article-title":"An experimental application of the DELPHI method to the use of experts.","volume":"9","author":"Dalkey","year":"1963","journal-title":"Manage Sci"},{"key":"B25-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.285362","article-title":"Evidentiary rationales for the Choosing Wisely Top 5 lists.","volume":"311","author":"Gliwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B26-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.5441","article-title":"Early trends among seven recommendations from the choosing wisely campaign.","volume":"175","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"B27-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S139950","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of intravenous ferumoxytol for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease in the USA.","volume":"9","author":"Dahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"B28-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0125528","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125528","article-title":"Switching patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease from oral iron to intravenous ferric carboxymaltose: Effects on erythropoiesis-stimulating agent requirements, costs, hemoglobin and iron status.","volume":"10","author":"Toblli","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B29-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1775","article-title":"Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness.","volume":"288","author":"Bodenheimer","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B30-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2011.560129","article-title":"Economic evaluation of a disease management program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"8","author":"Dewan","year":"2011","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"B31-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61817-5","article-title":"A pharmacist-led information technology intervention for medication errors (PINCER): A multicentre, cluster randomised, controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis.","volume":"379","author":"Avery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B32-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39372.540903.94","article-title":"Support for self care for patients with chronic disease.","volume":"335","author":"Kennedy","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B33-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.7.943","article-title":"The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure: Results from 7 studies and a revised scale.","volume":"23","author":"Toobert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B34-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39246.581169.80","article-title":"Effectiveness of strategies for informing, educating, and involving patients.","volume":"335","author":"Coulter","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B35-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/JAC.0b013e318249e0fd","article-title":"Patient engagement--what works?","volume":"35","author":"Coulter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ambul Care Manage"},{"key":"B36-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.2827","article-title":"Association between medicare accountable care organization implementation and spending among clinically vulnerable beneficiaries.","volume":"176","author":"Colla","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"B37-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13109","article-title":"The Pioneer accountable care organization model: Improving quality and lowering costs.","volume":"312","author":"Pham","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B38-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09050912","article-title":"Toward population management in an integrated care model.","volume":"8","author":"Maddux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B39-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013111236","article-title":"Vascular access choice in incident hemodialysis patients: A decision analysis.","volume":"26","author":"Drew","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B40-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.126","article-title":"Effects of care coordination on hospitalization, quality of care, and health care expenditures among Medicare beneficiaries: 15 randomized trials.","volume":"301","author":"Peikes","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B41-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1610821","article-title":"Cost containment and the tale of care coordination.","volume":"375","author":"McWilliams","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B42-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1600142","article-title":"Early performance of accountable care organizations in Medicare.","volume":"374","author":"McWilliams","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B43-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2015.02.002","article-title":"Lean in healthcare: A comprehensive review.","volume":"119","author":"D\u2019Andreamatteo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"B44-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.0158","article-title":"The Group Health medical home at year two: Cost savings, higher patient satisfaction, and less burnout for providers.","volume":"29","author":"Reid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"B45-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12461","article-title":"Going upstream: Coordination to improve CKD care.","volume":"29","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"B46-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.02.366","article-title":"Augmented nurse care management in CKD stages 4 to 5: A randomized trial.","volume":"70","author":"Fishbane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B47-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2307\/3350391","article-title":"Organizing care for patients with chronic illness.","volume":"74","author":"Wagner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"B48-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.00049","article-title":"Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC): A practical tool to measure quality improvement.","volume":"37","author":"Bonomi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B49-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000160375.47920.8c","article-title":"Development and validation of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC).","volume":"43","author":"Glasgow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"B50-20231016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018040438","article-title":"Addressing financial disincentives to improve CKD care.","volume":"29","author":"Berns","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1681\/ASN.2019030219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T19:22:18Z","timestamp":1786130538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1681\/ASN.2019030219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2019030219","relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-6673","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-3450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]}}}