{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:46:11Z","timestamp":1790721971232,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH P30DK114857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH P30DK114857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008250","name":"Feinberg School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(NUCATS) COVID fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(NUCATS) COVID fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH DK60635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH DK60635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Studies have found AKI with high-grade proteinuria in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this patient series, the authors describe six patients of recent African ancestry who developed COVID-19\u2013associated AKI with podocytopathy, collapsing glomerulopathy, or both. Respiratory symptoms among these patients were generally mild, and none required ventilator support. Previous research has demonstrated an association between high-risk gene variants in the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, which encodes the APOL1 protein, and collapsing glomerulopathy in patients with another viral infection, HIV. Genetic testing in three of the patients in this study confirmed that they had high-risk\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes. In one of these patients, collapsing glomerulopathy occurred in the engrafted kidney, which was transplanted from a donor who carried an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      low-risk genotype, a finding inconsistent with current models of APOL1-mediated kidney injury.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies have documented AKI with high-grade proteinuria in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In some patients, biopsies have revealed collapsing glomerulopathy, a distinct form of glomerular injury that has been associated with other viruses, including HIV. Previous patient reports have described patients of African ancestry who developed nephrotic-range proteinuria and AKI early in the course of disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this patient series, we identified six patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), AKI, and nephrotic-range proteinuria. COVID-19 was diagnosed by a positive nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We examined biopsy specimens from one transplanted kidney and five native kidneys. Three of the six patients underwent genetic analysis of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the gene encoding the APOL1 protein, from DNA extracted from peripheral blood. In addition, we purified genomic DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue and performed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype analysis of one of the native biopsies and the donor kidney graft.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All six patients were of recent African ancestry. They developed COVID-19\u2013associated AKI with podocytopathy, collapsing glomerulopathy, or both. Patients exhibited generally mild respiratory symptoms, and no patient required ventilator support. Genetic testing performed in three patients confirmed high-risk\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes. One\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      high-risk patient developed collapsing glomerulopathy in the engrafted kidney, which was transplanted from a donor who carried a low-risk\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype; this contradicts current models of APOL1-mediated kidney injury, and suggests that intrinsic renal expression of APOL1 may not be the driver of nephrotoxicity and specifically, of podocyte injury.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Glomerular disease presenting as proteinuria with or without AKI is an important presentation of COVID-19 infection and may be associated with a high-risk\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2020060804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T18:10:53Z","timestamp":1605809453000},"page":"33-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["COVID-19\u2013Associated Glomerular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Aneesha A.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Tawhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 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