{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:14:33Z","timestamp":1790525673175,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SE2824\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SE2824\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1\/sVEGFR1) is a naturally occurring antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite being a secreted, soluble protein lacking cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains, sFlt-1 can act locally and be protective against excessive microenvironmental VEGF concentration or exert autocrine functions independently of VEGF. Circulating sFlt-1 may indiscriminately affect endothelial function and the microvasculature of distant target organs. The clinical significance of excess sFlt-1 in kidney disease was first shown in preeclampsia, a major renal complication of pregnancy. However, circulating sFlt-1 levels appear to be increased in various diseases with varying degrees of renal impairment. Relevant clinical associations between circulating sFlt-1 and severe outcomes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g.,<\/jats:italic>\n                    endothelial dysfunction, renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality) have been observed in patients with CKD and after kidney transplantation. However, sFlt-1 appears to be protective against renal dysfunction-associated aggravation of atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, in this study, we provide an update on sFlt-1 in several kidney diseases other than preeclampsia, discuss clinical findings and experimental studies, and briefly consider its use in clinical practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2020111579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T14:30:14Z","timestamp":1624285814000},"page":"1853-1863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Circulating Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase in Renal Diseases Other than Preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Theresa M.","family":"Wewers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany"},{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Pavenst\u00e4dt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovana S.","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1159\/000046610","article-title":"The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in angiogenesis","volume":"106","author":"Ferrara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"B2-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-2-209","article-title":"The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family: angiogenic factors in health and disease","volume":"6","author":"Holmes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B3-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2905","article-title":"Identification of ligand-induced proteolytic cleavage and ectodomain shedding of VEGFR-1\/FLT1 in leukemic cancer cells","volume":"69","author":"Rahimi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B4-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051306","article-title":"Positive and negative regulation of angiogenesis by soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1","volume":"19","author":"Failla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B5-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.239665","article-title":"Local retention versus systemic release of soluble VEGF receptor-1 are mediated by heparin-binding and regulated by heparanase","volume":"108","author":"Sela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B6-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00311-w","article-title":"Unfractionated heparin displaces sFlt-1 from the placental extracellular matrix","volume":"11","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"B7-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.046821","article-title":"Heparin elevates circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 immunoreactivity in pregnant women receiving anticoagulation therapy","volume":"124","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B8-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05249","article-title":"Corneal avascularity is due to soluble VEGF receptor-1","volume":"443","author":"Ambati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.08.037","article-title":"Soluble FLT1 binds lipid microdomains in podocytes to control cell morphology and glomerular barrier function","volume":"151","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B10-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014010060","article-title":"Tubulovascular cross-talk by vascular endothelial growth factor a maintains peritubular microvasculature in kidney","volume":"26","author":"Dimke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B11-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H560","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00133.2005","article-title":"VEGF-dependent plasticity of fenestrated capillaries in the normal adult microvasculature","volume":"290","author":"Kamba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B12-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707778105","article-title":"Transgenic system for conditional induction and rescue of chronic myocardial hibernation provides insights into genomic programs of hibernation","volume":"105","author":"May","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B13-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.10.1493","article-title":"Microvascular disease--the Cinderella of uraemic heart disease","volume":"15","author":"Amann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B14-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17189","article-title":"Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia","volume":"111","author":"Maynard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B15-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010080858","article-title":"Elevated soluble Flt1 inhibits endothelial repair in PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"23","author":"Le Roux","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B16-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009010061","article-title":"The soluble VEGF receptor sFlt1 contributes to endothelial dysfunction in CKD","volume":"20","author":"Di Marco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B17-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq346","article-title":"Soluble FLT1 sensitizes endothelial cells to inflammatory cytokines by antagonizing VEGF receptor-mediated signalling","volume":"89","author":"Cindrova-Davies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B18-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.186742","article-title":"Inhibition of VEGF or TGF-\u03b2 signaling activates endothelium and increases leukocyte rolling","volume":"29","author":"Walshe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B19-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017090962","article-title":"Ascending vasa recta are angiopoietin\/Tie2-dependent lymphatic-like vessels","volume":"29","author":"Kenig-Kozlovsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B20-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105412","article-title":"Vascular Growth Factors and Glomerular Disease","volume":"78","author":"Bartlett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"B21-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2174\/157016110790226606","article-title":"Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Doi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"B22-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.22087","article-title":"Impaired angiogenesis in the aging kidney: vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin-1 in renal disease","volume":"37","author":"Kang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B23-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1648","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00099.2008","article-title":"VEGF-121 preserves renal microvessel structure and ameliorates secondary renal disease following acute kidney injury","volume":"295","author":"Leonard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"B24-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200401000-00001","article-title":"Rarefaction of peritubular capillaries following ischemic acute renal failure: a potential factor predisposing to progressive nephropathy","volume":"13","author":"Basile","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"B25-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12605","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C300012200","article-title":"Neutralization of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by anti-VEGF antibodies and soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) induces proteinuria","volume":"278","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6B","key":"B26-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00820.x","article-title":"Reduction of circulating soluble Flt-1 alleviates preeclampsia-like symptoms in a mouse model","volume":"14","author":"Bergmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B27-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-015-0487-4","article-title":"Soluble Flt-1 links microvascular disease with heart failure in CKD","volume":"110","author":"Di Marco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"B28-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000439","article-title":"Blockade of VEGF accelerates proteinuria, via decrease in nephrin expression in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis","volume":"69","author":"Hara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B29-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.11.023","article-title":"Increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 after ischemia reperfusion contributes to adverse clinical outcomes following kidney transplantation","volume":"95","author":"Wewers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B30-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F928","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00596.2007","article-title":"Renal ischemia reperfusion inhibits VEGF expression and induces ADAMTS-1, a novel VEGF inhibitor","volume":"294","author":"Basile","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"B31-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707330","article-title":"VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy","volume":"358","author":"Eremina","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B32-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4322-3","article-title":"The VEGF-A inhibitor sFLT-1 improves renal function by reducing endothelial activation and inflammation in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Bus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B33-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V125993","article-title":"Antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor improve early renal dysfunction in experimental diabetes","volume":"12","author":"de Vriese","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B34-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.3090","article-title":"Amelioration of long-term renal changes in obese type 2 diabetic mice by a neutralizing vascular endothelial growth factor antibody","volume":"51","author":"Flyvbjerg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B35-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0647","article-title":"Inducible overexpression of sflt-1 in podocytes ameliorates glomerulopathy in diabetic mice","volume":"57","author":"Ku","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B36-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F609","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00377.2009","article-title":"Soluble Flt-1 gene therapy ameliorates albuminuria but accelerates tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic mice","volume":"298","author":"Kosugi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"B37-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11040","article-title":"Cardiac angiogenic imbalance leads to peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"485","author":"Patten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B38-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.867929","article-title":"Reduction of circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 plays a significant role in renal dysfunction-associated aggravation of atherosclerosis","volume":"120","author":"Onoue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B39-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.339","article-title":"Suppressed soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 production aggravates atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease","volume":"85","author":"Matsui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B40-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.495887","article-title":"Placental growth factor promotes atherosclerotic intimal thickening and macrophage accumulation","volume":"111","author":"Khurana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B41-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.10.038","article-title":"Placenta growth factor expression in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques is related to plaque destabilization","volume":"196","author":"Pilarczyk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B42-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07371","article-title":"Suppressed production of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 contributes to myocardial remodeling and heart failure","volume":"68","author":"Seno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B43-20240826","author":"Levine"},{"key":"B44-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.032","article-title":"The vascular marker soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is associated with disease severity and adverse outcomes in chronic heart failure","volume":"58","author":"Ky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B45-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.026","article-title":"Association of vascular endothelial factors with cardiovascular outcome and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients: a 4-year cohort study","volume":"236","author":"Rambod","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B46-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft256","article-title":"Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its soluble receptor 1 (sVEGFR-1) are associated with inflammation and mortality in incident dialysis patients","volume":"28","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B47-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.07.016","article-title":"Usefulness of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 as a biomarker of acute severe heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"104","author":"Onoue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B48-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2018-0492","article-title":"Placenta growth factor and sFlt-1 as biomarkers in ischemic heart disease and heart failure: a review","volume":"13","author":"Draker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomarkers Med"},{"key":"B49-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3468","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp315","article-title":"Associations of VEGF and its receptors sVEGFR-1 and -2 with cardiovascular disease and survival in prevalent haemodialysis patients","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B50-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft517","article-title":"Heparin use during dialysis sessions induces an increase in the antiangiogenic factor soluble Flt1","volume":"29","author":"Lavainne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B51-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.237784","article-title":"Heparin strongly induces soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 release in vivo and in vitro--brief report","volume":"31","author":"Searle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B52-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/87904","article-title":"Synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor contributes to angiogenesis and plasma extravasation in pathological conditions","volume":"7","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B53-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000102971.85504.7c","article-title":"Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"42","author":"Sarnak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B54-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83918","article-title":"Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 promotes angiotensin II sensitivity in preeclampsia","volume":"126","author":"Burke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B55-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011040369","article-title":"eNOS deficiency acts through endothelin to aggravate sFlt-1-induced pre-eclampsia-like phenotype","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B56-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000197","article-title":"Role of endothelin in preeclampsia and hypertension following antiangiogenesis treatment","volume":"25","author":"Saleh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"B57-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.01.028","article-title":"The Association of Angiogenesis Markers With Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality After Cardiac Surgery","volume":"74","author":"Mansour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B58-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31829f4772","article-title":"Increased soluble Flt-1 correlates with delayed graft function and early loss of peritubular capillaries in the kidney graft","volume":"96","author":"Chapal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B59-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010050531","article-title":"Early loss of peritubular capillaries after kidney transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Steegh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B60-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00309.x","article-title":"Persistent rejection of peritubular capillaries and tubules is associated with progressive interstitial fibrosis","volume":"61","author":"Shimizu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B61-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01512-5","article-title":"Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptor (SFlt-1) in essential hypertension","volume":"87","author":"Belgore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B62-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)03149-7","article-title":"Endothelial damage and angiogenesis in hypertensive patients: relationship to cardiovascular risk factors and risk factor management","volume":"16","author":"Felmeden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"B63-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00067.x","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble VEGF receptor FLT-1 in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"67","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B64-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e3181e96203","article-title":"Both vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble Flt-1 are increased in type 2 diabetes but not in impaired fasting glucose","volume":"58","author":"Nandy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"B65-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1020187","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, Flt-1, in the plasma of patients with coronary or peripheral atherosclerosis, or Type II diabetes","volume":"102","author":"Blann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B66-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101779","article-title":"Elevated soluble VEGF receptor sFlt-1 correlates with endothelial injury in IgA nephropathy","volume":"9","author":"Zhai","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B67-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.08.004","article-title":"Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Localization in Renal Biopsies of CKD","volume":"4","author":"Zsengell\u00e9r","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B68-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R130","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00069.2012","article-title":"Control of soluble fms-like tyrosine-1 (sFlt-1) production response to placental ischemia\/hypoxia: role of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"304","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"B69-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1144744","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced Gadd45\u03b1 inhibits trophoblast invasion and increases sFlt1\/sEng secretions via p38 MAPK involving in the pathology of pre-eclampsia","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B70-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.07.004","article-title":"Heparanase regulation of sFLT-1 release in trophoblasts in vitro","volume":"85","author":"Eddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"B71-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.10.013","article-title":"Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) regulates soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 secretion (sFlt-1) from human placenta","volume":"48","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"B72-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05314","article-title":"Hypoxia-independent upregulation of placental hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 gene expression contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia","volume":"65","author":"Iriyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B73-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000254703.11154.18","article-title":"Angiotensin II induces soluble fms-Like tyrosine kinase-1 release via calcineurin signaling pathway in pregnancy","volume":"100","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B74-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.6","article-title":"Heparanase: roles in cell survival, extracellular matrix remodelling and the development of kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Rabelink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B75-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.03.014","article-title":"Proteases and sFlt-1 release in the human placenta","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"B76-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012245307884","article-title":"Soluble VEGFR-1 secreted by endothelial cells and monocytes is present in human serum and plasma from healthy donors","volume":"4","author":"Barleon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"B77-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061022","article-title":"Complement activation induces dysregulation of angiogenic factors and causes fetal rejection and growth restriction","volume":"203","author":"Girardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B78-20240826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015020157","article-title":"Removal of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 by dextran sulfate apheresis in preeclampsia","volume":"27","author":"Thadhani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1681\/ASN.2020111579","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T19:25:08Z","timestamp":1786130708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1681\/ASN.2020111579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2020111579","relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-6673","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-3450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}