{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:01:05Z","timestamp":1791046865682,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1P01HL134604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P01HL134604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31DK127683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31DK127683"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vascular congestion of the renal medulla\u2014trapped red blood cells in the medullary microvasculature\u2014is a hallmark finding at autopsy in patients with ischemic acute tubular necrosis. Despite this, the pathogenesis of vascular congestion is not well defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, to investigate the pathogenesis of vascular congestion and its role in promoting renal injury, we assessed renal vascular congestion and tubular injury after ischemia reperfusion in rats pretreated with low-dose LPS or saline (control). We used laser Doppler flowmetry to determine whether pretreatment with low-dose LPS prevented vascular congestion by altering renal hemodynamics during reperfusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that vascular congestion originated during the ischemic period in the renal venous circulation. In control animals, the return of blood flow was followed by the development of congestion in the capillary plexus of the outer medulla and severe tubular injury early in reperfusion. Laser Doppler flowmetry indicated that blood flow returned rapidly to the medulla, several minutes before recovery of full cortical perfusion. In contrast, LPS pretreatment prevented both the formation of medullary congestion and its associated tubular injury. Laser Doppler flowmetry in LPS-pretreated rats suggested that limiting early reperfusion of the medulla facilitated this protective effect, because it allowed cortical perfusion to recover and clear congestion from the large cortical veins, which also drain the medulla.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blockage of the renal venous vessels and a mismatch in the timing of cortical and medullary reperfusion results in congestion of the outer medulla\u2019s capillary plexus and promotes early tubular injury after renal ischemia. These findings indicate that hemodynamics during reperfusion contribute to the renal medulla\u2019s susceptibility to ischemic injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2021081089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T18:30:11Z","timestamp":1643913011000},"page":"769-785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide Pretreatment Prevents Medullary Vascular Congestion following Renal Ischemia by Limiting Early Reperfusion of the Medullary Circulation"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sarah R.","family":"McLarnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bansari","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Sartain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7078-7513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Mejias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline B.","family":"Musall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Kang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8465-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Hyndman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haichun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes B.","family":"Fogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.223","article-title":"Nephron function in the early phase of ischemic renal failure. 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