{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:35:34Z","timestamp":1791570934975,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"Chernowitz Medical Research Foundation","award":["GR016291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR016291"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001463","name":"American Society of Nephrology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR018262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR018262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The signaling molecule stimulator of IFN genes (STING) was identified as a crucial regulator of the DNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-STING pathway, and this signaling pathway regulates inflammation and energy homeostasis under conditions of obesity, kidney fibrosis, and AKI. However, the role of STING in causing CKD, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and Alport syndrome, is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate whether STING activation contributes to the development and progression of glomerular diseases such as DKD and Alport syndrome, immortalized human and murine podocytes were differentiated for 14 days and treated with a STING-specific agonist. We used diabetic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">db\/db<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice, mice with experimental Alport syndrome,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C57BL\/6<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice, and STING knockout mice to assess the role of the STING signaling pathway in kidney failure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , murine and human podocytes express all of the components of the cGAS-STING pathway.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , activation of STING renders\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C57BL\/6<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice susceptible to albuminuria and podocyte loss. STING is activated at baseline in mice with experimental DKD and Alport syndrome. STING activation occurs in the glomerular but not the tubulointerstitial compartment in association with autophagic podocyte death in Alport syndrome mice and with apoptotic podocyte death in DKD mouse models. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of STING protects from progression of kidney disease in mice with DKD and Alport syndrome and increases lifespan in Alport syndrome mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The activation of the STING pathway acts as a mediator of disease progression in DKD and Alport syndrome. Targeting STING may offer a therapeutic option to treat glomerular diseases of metabolic and nonmetabolic origin or prevent their development, progression, or both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2021101286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T14:05:14Z","timestamp":1664978714000},"page":"2153-2173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Activation of Stimulator of IFN Genes (STING) Causes Proteinuria and Contributes to Glomerular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5065-9522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alla","family":"Mitrofanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"},{"name":"Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2178-0870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Fontanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"},{"name":"Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1891-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Tolerico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller 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University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7287-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiqin","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Miami Medical Group, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Boulina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8432-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Ju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"},{"name":"Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"},{"name":"Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3735-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"},{"name":"Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"},{"name":"Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wadih","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"},{"name":"Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 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