{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:23:41Z","timestamp":1792715021552,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002997","name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP16.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP16.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002997","name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21OK+013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21OK+013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational studies suggest that adequate dietary potassium intake (90\u2013120 mmol\/day) may be renoprotective, but the effects of increasing dietary potassium and the risk of hyperkalemia are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a prespecified analysis of the run-in phase of a clinical trial in which 191 patients (age 68\u00b111 years, 74% males, 86% European ancestry, eGFR 31\u00b19 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 83% renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, 38% diabetes) were treated with 40 mmol potassium chloride (KCl) per day for 2 weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      KCl supplementation significantly increased urinary potassium excretion (72\u00b124 to 107\u00b129 mmol\/day), plasma potassium (4.3\u00b10.5 to 4.7\u00b10.6 mmol\/L), and plasma aldosterone (281 [198\u2013431] to 351 [241\u2013494] ng\/L), but had no significant effect on urinary sodium excretion, plasma renin, BP, eGFR, or albuminuria. Furthermore, KCl supplementation increased plasma chloride (104\u00b13 to 105\u00b14 mmol\/L) and reduced plasma bicarbonate (24.5\u00b13.4 to 23.7\u00b13.5 mmol\/L) and urine pH (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), but did not change urinary ammonium excretion. In total, 21 participants (11%) developed hyperkalemia (plasma potassium 5.9\u00b10.4 mmol\/L). They were older and had higher baseline plasma potassium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with CKD stage G3b\u20134, increasing dietary potassium intake to recommended levels with potassium chloride supplementation raises plasma potassium by 0.4 mmol\/L. This may result in hyperkalemia in older patients or those with higher baseline plasma potassium. Longer-term studies should address whether cardiorenal protection outweighs the risk of hyperkalemia.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Clinical trial number:<\/jats:bold>\n                      NCT03253172\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2022020147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T15:55:17Z","timestamp":1653407717000},"page":"1779-1789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Effects of Short-Term Potassium Chloride Supplementation in Patients with CKD"],"prefix":"10.1681","volume":"33","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03253172","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03253172","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Gritter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa D.","family":"Wouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley M.H.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel L.A.","family":"Wie\u00ebrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Geurts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.J.","family":"de Ridder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian R.B.","family":"Ramakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4585-7505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liffert","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4127-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin H.","family":"de Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9682-6234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joris I.","family":"Rotmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8738-3571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewout J.","family":"Hoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: Pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options","volume":"143","author":"Jankowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B2-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney 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