{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:58:56Z","timestamp":1790693936142,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) is the most widely used procedure for pre\u2010surgical evaluation of language lateralization in epileptic patients. However, apart from being invasive, this technique is not applicable in young children or patients who present mental retardation and\/or language deficits. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasingly employed as a non\u2010invasive alternative. Again, this method is more difficult to use with young children, especially hyperactive ones, since they have to remain motionless during data acquisition. The aim of this study was to determine whether near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used as an alternative technique to investigate language lateralization in children and special populations. Unlike Wada test, NIRS is non\u2010invasive, and it is more tolerant to movement artefacts than fMRI. In the present study, NIRS data were acquired in four epileptic children, a 12\u2010year\u2010old boy with pervasive developmental disorder and a 3\u2010year\u2010old, healthy child, as well as three healthy and two epileptic adults, while they performed a verbal fluency task and a control task. When applicable, the results were compared to the subjects' fMRI and\/or IAT findings. Clear laterality of speech was obtained in all participants, including the two non\u2010epileptic children, and NIRS results matched fMRI and IAT findings. These results, if replicable in larger samples, are encouraging and suggest that NIRS has the potential to become a viable, non\u2010invasive alternative to IAT and fMRI in the determination of speech lateralization in children and clinical populations that cannot be submitted to more invasive techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2007.0118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T14:48:49Z","timestamp":1711550929000},"page":"241-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Near\u2010infrared spectroscopy as an alternative to the Wada test for language mapping in children, adults and special populations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Sainte\u2010Justine D\u00e9partement de Psychologie Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qc Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition D\u00e9partement de Psychologie Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qc Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Th\u00e9riault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Sainte\u2010Justine D\u00e9partement de Psychologie Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qc Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition D\u00e9partement de Psychologie Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qc Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Maclin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Champaign USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Champaign USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Gratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Champaign USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Fabiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Champaign USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Sainte\u2010Justine D\u00e9partement de Psychologie Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qc Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Valois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Neuroscience de la Cognition D\u00e9partement de psychologie Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Service de Neurologie H\u00f4pital Notre\u2010Dame du CHUM Montr\u00e9al Qc. 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