{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:25:41Z","timestamp":1761582341870},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We describe the case of an eight\u2010year\u2010old boy, who underwent a video\u2010stereo EEG (SEEG) investigation for the presurgical assessment of drug\u2010resistant epilepsy, related to a right fronto\u2010lateral cortical dysplasia and who became seizure\u2010free after epilepsy surgery. The unexpected finding of the investigations was that intracerebral, high frequency (50 Hz) electrical stimulation (HFS) triggered the emergence of automatic and involuntary forward\u2010backward locomotion during a focal seizure while the boy was standing. This clinical manifestation was different from the chaotic motor activity described during epileptic wanderings. The stimulation of the same fronto\u2010lateral region, while the patient was lying, produced only the subjective sensation that the legs were moving, although there was no physical manifestation of this. Human locomotion is an innate motor behavior that is normally due to the activation of the spinal network for locomotion (central pattern generator). The emergence of different stereotyped motor behaviors during focal epileptic seizures or sleep disorders has recently been interpreted as a release of subcortical central pattern generators (Tassinari\n            <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n            2005). In view of this, we hypothesize that the involuntary and robot\u2010like locomotion of our patient could be the ictal expression of the release of subcortical locomotor CPGs.\n            <jats:italic>[Published with video sequences]<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2008.0215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T14:51:52Z","timestamp":1711551112000},"page":"247-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Seizure\u2010related automatic locomotion triggered by intracerebral electrical stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Gardella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center S. Paolo Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Rubboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Bellaria Hospital University of Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Francione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Suregery Center \u201cC. Munari\u201d Niguarda Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Suregery Center \u201cC. Munari\u201d Niguarda Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio Lo","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Suregery Center \u201cC. Munari\u201d Niguarda Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sten","family":"Grillner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Tassinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Bellaria Hospital University of Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.5.1143"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.1.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"360","volume-title":"Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","author":"Dimitrijevic MR","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Recent advances in biology and psychiatry","author":"Gastaut H","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235671"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Neurons, Networks and Motor Behavior","author":"Grillner S","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Progress in Brain Research","author":"Groenewegen HJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Brainstem and spinal cord mechanisms for the initiation of locomotion","author":"Jordan LM","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 860","author":"Kiehn O","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Neuronal Mechanisms for Generating Locomotor Activity Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","author":"Mori S","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(95)80107-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410020105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.9.749"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005693"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Progress in Motor Control","author":"Shapkova EI","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"756","article-title":"Control of walking and running by means of electrical stimulation of the mid\u2010brain","volume":"11","author":"Shik ML","year":"1966","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.10.4.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Approche nouvelle de la neurochirurgie de l'epilepsie. 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