{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:14:35Z","timestamp":1789553675502,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES)\/continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWS) is an age\u2010related, self\u2010limiting disorder characterised by epilepsy with different seizure types, global or selective neuropsychological regression, motor impairment, and a typical EEG pattern of continuous epileptiform activity for more than 85% of non\u2010rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Although the first description of ESES\/CSWS dates back to 1971, an agreement about the optimal treatment for this condition is still lacking. ESES\/CSWS is rare (incidence is 0.2\u20100.5% of all childhood epilepsies) and no controlled clinical trials have been conducted to establish the efficacy of different antiepileptic drugs; only uncontrolled studies and case reports are reported in the literature. Treatment options for ESES\/CSWS include some antiepileptic drugs (valproic acid, ethosuximide, levetiracetam, and benzodiazepines), steroids, immunoglobulins, the ketogenic diet, and surgery (multiple subpial transections). In this study, the comparative value of each of these treatments is reviewed and a personal therapeutic approach is proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2012.0482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T09:24:19Z","timestamp":1564737859000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Therapy of encephalopathy with status epilepticus during sleep (ESES\/CSWS syndrome): an update"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pierangelo","family":"Veggiotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Neurologic Institute \u201cC. Mondino\u201d Child Neuropsychiatry Unit University of Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carmela","family":"Pera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Neurologic Institute \u201cC. Mondino\u201d Child Neuropsychiatry Unit University of Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Teutonico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Neurologic Institute \u201cC. Mondino\u201d Child Neuropsychiatry Unit University of Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Brazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Neurologic Institute \u201cC. Mondino\u201d Child Neuropsychiatry Unit University of Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Balottin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Neurologic Institute \u201cC. Mondino\u201d Child Neuropsychiatry Unit University of Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Tassinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department University of Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep","author":"Beaumanoir A","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"481","volume-title":"Sleep and epilepsy","author":"Billard C","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2004.00289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Carbamazepina, \u201cassenze atipiche\u201d, crisi \u201catoniche\u201d e stato di PO continua del sonno (POCS)","volume":"66","author":"Caraballo R","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bollettino della Lega Italiana contro l'Epilessia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Advances in epileptology","author":"Dalla Bernardina B","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0387-7604(95)00076-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep \u2013 electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep","author":"Deonna T","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-1100-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2006.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00444306"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01891.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"\u00c9pilepsie avec d\u00e9charges continues au cours du sommeil lent. 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