{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T11:00:50Z","timestamp":1771066850072,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ILAE Neuroimaging Task Force aims to publish educational case reports highlighting basic aspects related to neuroimaging in epilepsy consistent with the educational mission of the ILAE. Previous quantitative MRI studies have established important imaging markers of epilepsy\u2010related pathology, including features sensitive to hippocampal cell loss and reactive astrogliosis. Here, we review the case of a female with pediatric drug\u2010resistant epilepsy. Throughout her course of treatment, she had seven MRI investigations at several centers; the first three did not follow optimized epilepsy imaging protocols whereas the remaining four adhered to HARNESS\u2010MRI protocols (<jats:styled-content>har<\/jats:styled-content>monized <jats:styled-content>n<\/jats:styled-content>euroimaging of <jats:styled-content>e<\/jats:styled-content>pilepsy <jats:styled-content>s<\/jats:styled-content>tructural <jats:styled-content>s<\/jats:styled-content>equences). Visual inspection of a set of HARNESS\u2010MR images revealed conspicuous left hippocampal hyperintensity which may have been initially overlooked on non\u2010optimized MR images. Quantitative analysis of these multimodal imaging data along hippocampal subfields provided clear evidence of hippocampal sclerosis, with increased atrophy, increased mean diffusivity, increased T2\u2010FLAIR signal, and lower qT1 values observed in the anterior portions of the left, compared to the right hippocampus. The patient underwent a left anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy at age 16 years. Histopathology of the resected specimen also confirmed hippocampal sclerosis with widespread gliosis and focal neuronal loss in the hippocampal subfields overlapping with regions of multimodal quantitative alterations. The patient remains seizure\u2010free one year after surgery. Collectively, this case highlights the need for optimized data acquisition protocols early in the treatment of epilepsy and supports quantitative analysis of MRI contrasts to enhance personalized diagnosis and prognosis of drug\u2010resistant patients with epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2021.1312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T07:05:30Z","timestamp":1635231930000},"page":"675-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["ILAE Neuroimaging Task Force Highlight: harnessing optimized imaging protocols for drug\u2010resistant childhood epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Larivi\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yotin","family":"Chinvarun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phramongkutklao Hospital Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Rampp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Elisabetta","family":"Vaudano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Cendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyrus G.","family":"Boelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris C.","family":"Bernhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dewi V.","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"WISC\u2010V: technical and interpretive manual","author":"Wechsler D","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DelisDC KaplanE KramerJH.Delis\u2010Kaplan executive function system.2001.","DOI":"10.1037\/t15082-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"AdamsW.Wide range assessment of memory and learning: Jastak 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