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Treatment of super\u2010refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is associated with various complications of anaesthetic coma therapy. This study aimed to describe the factors affecting the prognosis, especially in\u2010hospital mortality, of patients receiving pentobarbital coma therapy for the treatment of SRSE.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single tertiary referral centre with patients who received pentobarbital coma therapy for the treatment of SRSE from 2006 to 2018. Exploratory analyses were performed for clinical, laboratory, electrographic, and radiological factors for the entire cohort and were compared between the mortality and survivor groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. In total, 19 patients were enrolled, and five (26.3%) patients died in the hospital. The maximal pentobarbital infusion dose was higher in the mortality group than in the survivor group (4.4\u00b11.0\u00a0mg\/kg\/h vs. 2.9\u00b11.4\u00a0mg\/kg\/h, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.025). The high\u2010dose pentobarbital infusion group (&gt;3.75\u00a0mg\/kg\/h) underwent longer mechanical ventilation (24 [20\u201336.75] vs. 41 [28\u201370], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.025) and blood culture results were more frequently positive, suggestive of septicaemia (8.3% vs. 57.1%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.038).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>. The group of SRSE patients treated with pentobarbital coma therapy who died in the hospital received a higher pentobarbital infusion dose compared to survivors; a complication of high\u2010dose pentobarbital infusion was septicaemia. Considering the high rate of septicaemia observed, systematic treatment strategies focusing on infectious complications should be established and implemented. The association between maximal pentobarbital infusion dose and in\u2010hospital mortality needs to be further validated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2021.1333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T06:52:20Z","timestamp":1640155940000},"page":"833-842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pentobarbital coma therapy for super\u2010refractory status epilepticus and in\u2010hospital mortality: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Seungyon","family":"Koh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ajou University School of Medicine  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae\u2010Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ajou University School of Medicine  Suwon Republic of 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