{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:47:24Z","timestamp":1760647644387},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>. We aimed to determine a possible association between motor and mental development in infants of women with epilepsy and antenatal exposure to antiseizure medication (ASM).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>. Developmental paediatricians who were blinded to antenatal ASM exposure evaluated motor and mental development of infants (&gt;12 months) using the Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (an Indian adaptation of the Bayley Scale of Infant Development). Motor (MODQ) and mental development quotients (MEDQ) were computed as ratios of respective developmental age to the chronological age of the child. We employed linear mixed models to study the relationship between antenatal exposure to ASM and the development quotients after adjustment for malformation status and age of the baby, maternal education and seizure type.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>. We studied 1,357 infants with mean age of 15.3\u00b14.0 months (71.2% of all eligible infants). Infants were classified as having monotherapy or polytherapy, or unexposed in 840, 407 and 110 participants, respectively. The MEDQ of the polytherapy (92.9\u00b114.9) and monotherapy (96.9\u00b113.9) groups was lower than that of unexposed infants (99.8 12.5). Similarly, the MODQ of polytherapy (91.1\u00b119.3) and monotherapy (96.6\u00b117.5) groups was lower than that of unexposed infants (97.6 16.6). The differences in adjusted mean MEDQ were \u20107.4 (\u201011.4 to \u20104.3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.001), \u20109.6 (\u201011.3 to \u20106.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.001) and \u20106.4 (\u20109.2 to \u20103.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.001) for valproate monotherapy, polytherapy with valproate and polytherapy without valproate, respectively. The adjusted mean MODQ also showed a similar trend. Those exposed to levetiracetam (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=62) had higher or similar adjusted MODQ (110.4\u00b114.3; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.001) and MEDQ (104.3\u00b19.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.09), compared to unexposed infants. A dose\u2010dependent decrease in developmental indicators was observed for valproate and phenobarbitone.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>. Antenatal exposure to ASM, especially valproate and phenobarbitone, adversely affects motor and mental development of exposed infants. Early developmental screening of high\u2010risk infants is desirable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2022.1414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T07:19:37Z","timestamp":1656659977000},"page":"531-540","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differential impact of antenatal exposure to antiseizure medications on motor and mental development in infants of women with epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sanjeev V.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy, Department of Neurology Trivandrum India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panniyammakal","family":"Jeemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Achutha Menon Centre for Health Sciences Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Trivandrum India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manna","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy, Department of Neurology Trivandrum India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lekshmi Madhavan","family":"Amrithum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child Development Trivandrum India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child Development Trivandrum India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muttathu Krishnapanicker Chandrasekharan","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child Development Trivandrum India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babu","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child Development Trivandrum India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Epilepsy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01376.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70323-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16685"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61450-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.27658"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Why act early if you're concerned about development?","author":"CDC","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Pregnancy in women with epilepsy: preliminary results of Kerala registry of epilepsy and pregnancy","volume":"49","author":"Thomas SV","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"PhatakP.Mental and motor growth of Indian babies (1 month\u201030 months). 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