{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T02:52:11Z","timestamp":1768186331956,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3702,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population data are often used to monitor severe perineal trauma trends and investigate risk factors. Within New South Wales (NSW), two different datasets can be used, the Perinatal Data Collection (\u2018birth\u2019 data) or a linked dataset combining birth data with the Admitted Patient Data Collection (\u2018hospital\u2019 data). Severe perineal trauma can be ascertained by birth data alone, or by hospital International Classification of Diseases Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) diagnosis and procedure coding in the linked dataset. The aim of this study was to compare rates and risk factors for severe perineal trauma using birth data alone versus using linked data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population consisted of all vaginal births in NSW between 2001 and 2011. Perineal injury coding in birth data was revised in 2006, so data were analysed separately for 2001\u201306 and 2006\u201311. Rates of severe perineal injury over time were compared in birth data alone versus linked data. Kappa and agreement statistics were calculated. Risk factor distributions (maternal age, primiparity, instrumental birth, birthweight \u22654 kg, Asian country of birth and episiotomy) were compared between women with severe perineal trauma identified by birth data alone, and those identified by linked data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of severe perineal trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 697 202 women with vaginal births, 2.1% were identified with severe perineal trauma by birth data alone, and 2.6% by linked data. The rate discrepancy was higher among earlier data (1.7% for birth data, 2.4% for linked data). Kappa for earlier data was 0.78 (95% CI 0.78, 0.79), and 0.89 (95% CI 0.89, 0.89) for more recent data. With the exception of episiotomy, differences in risk factor distributions were small, with similar aORs. The aOR of severe perineal trauma for episiotomy was higher using linked data (1.33, 95% CI 1.27, 1.40) compared with birth data (1.02, 95% CI 0.97, 1.08).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although discrepancies in ascertainment of severe perineal trauma improved after revision of birth data coding in 2006, higher ascertainment by linked data was still evident for recent data. There were also higher risk estimates of severe perineal trauma with episiotomy by linked data than by birth data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp2541544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T09:45:13Z","timestamp":1443519913000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ascertaining severe perineal trauma and associated risk factors by comparing birth data with multiple sources"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Ampt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011119124814900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priddis H, Dahlen H, Schmied V. Women's experiences following severe perineal trauma: a meta-ethnographic synthesis. J Adv Nurs. 2013;69(4):748\u201359. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12005"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fornell EU, Matthiesen L, Sj\u00f6dahl R, Berg G. Obstetric anal sphincter injury ten years after: subjective and objective long term effects. BJOG. 2005;112(3):312\u20136. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00400.x"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wegnelius G, Hammarstr\u00f6m M. Complete rupture of anal sphincter in primiparas: long-term effects and subsequent delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011;90(3):258\u201363. PubMed","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2010.01037.x"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ampt AJ, Ford JB, Roberts CL, Morris JM. Trends in obstetric anal sphincter injuries and associated risk factors for vaginal singleton term births in New South Wales 2001\u20132009. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;53(1):9\u201316. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12038"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang\u00f6 H, Langhoff\u2013Roos J, Rosth\u00f8j S, Sakse A. Modifiable risk factors of obstetric anal sphincter injury in primiparous women: a population\u2013based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210(1):59e\u2013e6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.08.043"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismail S, Puyk B. The rise of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): 11\u2013year trend analysis using patient episode database for Wales (PEDW) data. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;34(6):495\u20138. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2014.915798"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurol-Urganci I, Cromwell D, Edozien L, Mahmood TA, Adams EJ, Richmon DH, et al. Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears among primiparous women in England between 2000 and 2012: time trends and risk factors. BJOG. 2013;120(12):1516\u201325. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12363"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen S, Vehvil\u00e4inen-Julkunen K, Gissler M, Heinonen S. The increased incidence of obstetric anal sphincter rupture \u2013 an emerging trend in Finland. Prev Med. 2009;49(6):535\u201340. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2009.10.005"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R9","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Towards national indicators of safety and quality in health care. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; 2009 [cited 2015 Jun 10]. Available from: aihw.gov.au\/publication-detail\/?id=6442468285"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen S, Selander T, Cartwright R, Gissler M, Kramer MR, Laine K, Heinonon S. The association of episiotomy with obstetric anal sphincter injury \u2013 a population based matched cohort study. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107053. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107053"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell JC, Ford JB, Cameron CA, Roberts CL. The accuracy of population health data for monitoring trends and outcomes among women with diabetes in pregnancy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008;81(1):105\u20139. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.03.001"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lain SJ, Hadfield RM, Raynes-Greenow CH, Ford JB, Mealing NM, Algert CM, Roberts CL. Quality of data in perinatal population health databases: a systematic review. Med Care. 2012;50(4):e7\u2013e20. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31821d2b1d"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts CL, Bell JC, Ford JB, Morris JM. Monitoring the quality of maternity care: how well are labour and delivery events reported in population health data? Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2008;23(2):144\u201352. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2008.00980.x"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ampt AJ, Ford JB, Taylor LK, Roberts CL. Are pregnancy outcomes associated with risk factor reporting in routinely collected perinatal data? NSW Public Health Bulletin. 2013;24(2):65\u20139. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1071\/NB12116"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baghestan E, B\u00f8rdahl PE, Rasmussen SA, Sande AK, Lyslo I, Solvang I. A validation of the diagnosis of obstetric sphincter tears in two Norwegian databases, the Medical Birth Registry and the Patient Administration System. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(2):205\u20139. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340601111364"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuklina EV, Whiteman MK, Hillis SD, Jamieson DJ, Meikle SF, Posner SF, Marchbanks PA. An enhanced method for identifying obstetric deliveries: implications for estimating maternal morbidity. Mat Child Health J. 2008;12(4):469\u201377. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-007-0256-6"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLoughlin V, Millar J, Mattke S, Franca M, Jonsson PM, et al. Selecting indicators for patient safety at the health systems level in OECD countries. Int J Qual Health Care. 2006 Sep;18 Suppl 1:14\u201320. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzl030"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen JS, Ford JB, Ampt A, Simpson JM, Roberts CL. Characteristics in the first vaginal birth and their association with mode of delivery in the subsequent birth. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2013;27(2):109\u201317. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12039"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford JB, Bentley JP, Morris JM, Roberts CL. Factors associated with changes into public or private maternity care for a second pregnancy. Aust Health Rev. 2013;37(4):495\u2013500. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1071\/AH12017"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahlen H, Priddis H, Schmied V, Sneddon A, Kettle C, Brown C, Thornton C. Trends and risk factors for severe perineal trauma during childbirth in New South Wales between 2000 and 2008: a population-based data study. BMJ Open. 2013;3(5):3:e002824. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002824"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robson SJ, Laws P, Sullivan EA. Adverse outcomes of labour in public and private hospitals in Australia: a population\u2013based descriptive study. Med J Aust. 2009;190(9):474\u20137. PubMed","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02521.x"},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R22","unstructured":"Demand and Performance Evaluation Branch. Centre for Epidemiology and Health. Perinatal data collection manual \u2013 2011 edition. Sydney: NSW Department of Health 2010."},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R23","unstructured":"National Centre for Classification in Health. The international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision, Australian modification 7th edition. Tabular list of diseases. Sydney: The University of Sydney; 2010."},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R24","unstructured":"National Centre for Classification in Health. The international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision, Australian modification 7th edition. Tabular list of interventions. Sydney: The University of Sydney; 2010."},{"key":"2026011119124814900_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pergialiotis V, Vlachos D, Protopapas A, Pappa K, Vlachos G. Risk factors for severe perineal lacerations during childbirth. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2014;125(1):6\u201314. CrossRef | PubMed","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.09.034"}],"container-title":["Public Health Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/pu\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.17061\/phrp2541544\/1821840\/pu19044.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/pu\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.17061\/phrp2541544\/1821840\/pu19044.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:12:56Z","timestamp":1768176776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/pu\/article\/25\/4\/e2541544\/265305\/Ascertaining-severe-perineal-trauma-and-associated"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17061\/phrp2541544","relation":{},"ISSN":["2204-2091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2204-2091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]]},"article-number":"e2541544"}}