{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:38:49Z","timestamp":1784356729072,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":447,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A new discipline, implementation science, has emerged in recent years. This has resulted in confusion between what \u2018implementation science\u2019 is and how it differs from real-world scale-up of health interventions. While there is considerable overlap, in this perspective, we seek to highlight some of the differences between these two concepts in relation to their origin, drivers, research methods and implications for population impact and practice. We recognise that implementation science generates new information on optimal methods and strategies to facilitate the uptake of evidence-based practices. This new knowledge can be used as part of any scaling-up endeavour. However, real-world scale-up is influenced to a much greater extent by political and strategic needs and key actors and generally requires the support of governments or large agencies that can fund population-level scale-up. Furthermore, scale-up often occurs in the absence of any evidence of effectiveness. Therefore, while implementation science and scale-up both ultimately aim to facilitate the uptake of interventions to improve population health, their immediate intentions differ, and these distinctions are worth highlighting for policymakers and researchers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp34232409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T21:50:20Z","timestamp":1721685020000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Are they the same? Disentangling the concepts of implementation science research and population scale-up"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"B The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C Active Aging Research Team, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"B The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Milat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"B The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"D Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Wolfenden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"E School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"F The National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"G Evaluation and Implementation Science Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"F The National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"B The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011316095977000_R1","unstructured":"Australian Department of Health and Ageing. 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