{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:51:38Z","timestamp":1789509098347,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"The Korean Society of Anesthesiologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.anesth-pain-med.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anesth Pain Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"DOI":"10.17085\/apm.2020.15.1.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T08:55:07Z","timestamp":1580806507000},"page":"8-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17085\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Facet joint injections for management of low back pain: a clinically focused review"],"prefix":"10.17085","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6084-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Sun","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea"},{"name":"Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4748-6007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miyoung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea"},{"name":"Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0404-2657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeon-Dong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2573","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Pampati V, and Hirsch JA. Utilization of interventional techniques in managing chronic pain in medicare population from 2000 to 2014: an analysis of patterns of utilization. Pain Physician 2016;19:E531-46.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2019.19.E531"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-2454-5.50006-0"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Boswell MV, Trescot AM, Datta S, Schultz DM, Hansen HC, and Abdi S et al. Interventional techniques: evidence-based practice guidelines in the management of chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician 2007;10:7-111."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Manchikanti L. Medicare in interventional pain management: a critical analysis. Pain Physician 2006;9:171-97."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L. The growth of interventional pain management in the new millennium: a critical analysis of utilization in the medicare population. Pain Physician 2004;7:465-82.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2004\/7\/465"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Singh V, Pampati V, Damron KS, Barnhill RC, and Beyer C et al. Evaluation of the relative contributions of various structures in chronic low back pain. Pain Physician 2001;4:308-16.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2001\/4\/308"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.2.100"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Woodburne RT, and Burkel WE. Essentials of human anatomy. 9th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994 p. 347."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Soames RW. Skeletal system. Gray's Anatomy, Gray H, Williams PL, and Bannister LH. 38th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1995 p. 425-736."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Rosse C, Gaddum-Rosse P, and Hollinshead WH. Hollinshead's textbook of anatomy. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997 p. 126-7."},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Engel R, and Bogduk N. The menisci of the lumbar zygapophysial joints. J Anat 1982;135:795-809."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glover JR. Arthrography of the joints of the lumbar vertebral arches. Orthop Clin North Am 1977;8:37-42.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30933-0"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198304000-00009"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2004.04042.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200703000-00024"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638020-00015"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199703010-00003"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Gabella G. Cardiovascular system. Gray's Anatomy, Gray H, Williams PL, and Bannister LH. 38th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1995 p. 1558."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boswell MV, Singh V, Staats PS, and Hirsch JA. Accuracy of precision diagnostic blocks in the diagnosis of chronic spinal pain of facet or zygapophysial joint origin. Pain Physician 2003;6:449-56.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2003\/6\/449"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01411"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Pampati V, Fellows B, and Bakhit CE. Prevalence of lumbar facet joint pain in chronic low back pain. Pain Physician 1999;2:59-64.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.1999\/2\/59"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/204946370800200103"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90173-5"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Windsor RE, King FJ, Roman SJ, Tata NS, Cone-Sullivan LA, and Thampi S et al. Electrical stimulation induced lumbar medial branch referral patterns. Pain Physician 2002;5:347-53.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2002\/5\/347"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sehgal N, Dunbar EE, Shah RV, and Colson J. Systematic review of diagnostic utility of facet (zygapophysial) joint injections in chronic spinal pain: an update. Pain Physician 2007;10:213-28.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2007\/10\/213"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197603000-00025"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-004-0075-z"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000141265.55411.30"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Hadley LA. Anatomico-roentgenographic studies of the posterior spinal articulations. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1961;86:270-6."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.140.1.6454162"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.140.1.6454163"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/72.12.885"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198410000-00016"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(96)00023-1"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199101000-00006"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200202010-00005"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199504150-00005"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Magora A, Bigos SJ, Stolov WC, Tomsli MA, Magora F, and Vatine JJ. The significance of medical imaging findings in low back pain. Pain Clinic 1994;7:99-105."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.209.3.9844656"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-5-15"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199206000-00013"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM191103161641101"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1933.02740480005002"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Badgley CE. The articular facets in relation to low-back pain and sciatic radiation. J Bone Joint Surg 1941;23:481-96."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453676308999829"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197909000-00009"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199712000-00007"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199809010-00008"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199704150-00013"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90189-V"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199509000-00008"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Datta S, Lee M, Falco FJ, Bryce DA, and Hayek SM. Systematic assessment of diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic utility of lumbar facet joint interventions. Pain Physician 2009;12:437-60.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2009\/12\/437"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199712000-00006"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Boswell MV, Singh V, Benyamin RM, Fellows B, and Abdi S et al. Comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in the management of chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician 2009;12:699-802.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2009\/12\/699"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Datta S, Derby R, Wolfer LR, Benyamin RM, and Hirsch JA. A critical review of the American Pain Society clinical practice guidelines for interventional techniques: part 1. diagnostic interventions. Pain Physician 2010;13:E141-74.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2010\/13\/E141"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Datta S, Gupta S, Munglani R, Bryce DA, and Ward SP et al. A critical review of the American Pain Society clinical practice guidelines for interventional techniques: part 2. Therapeutic interventions. Pain Physician 2010;13:E215-64.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2010\/13\/E215"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a103b1"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Kaye AD, Boswell MV, Bakshi S, Gharibo CG, and Grami V et al. A systematic review and best evidence synthesis of the effectiveness of therapeutic facet joint interventions in managing chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician 2015;18:E535-82.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2015\/18\/E535"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Malla Y, Wargo BW, Cash KA, Pampati V, and Fellows B. Complications of fluoroscopically directed facet joint nerve blocks: a prospective evaluation of 7,500 episodes with 43,000 nerve blocks. Pain Physician 2012;15:E143-50.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/E143"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-006-0897-z"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(09)70136-4"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/jksr.2015.73.3.172"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110033251405"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000175334.60638.3F"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198813060-00017"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.145.2.6215674"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.4057-10.1"},{"key":"ref68","unstructured":"Anand S, and Butt MS. Patients' response to facet joint injection. Acta Orthop Belg 2007;73:230-3."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2002.13.2.12"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falco FJ, Manchikanti L, Datta S, Sehgal N, Geffert S, and Onyewu O et al. An update of the effectiveness of therapeutic lumbar facet joint interventions. Pain Physician 2012;15:E909-53.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/E909"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002274"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000158609.64417.93"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181d24658"}],"container-title":["Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pdf.medrang.co.kr\/APM2\/2020\/015\/Apm015-01-02.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"tdm","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/pdf.medrang.co.kr\/APM2\/2020\/015\/Apm015-01-02.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T07:53:01Z","timestamp":1665733981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.anesth-pain-med.org\/journal\/view.php?id=10.17085\/apm.2020.15.1.8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.17085\/apm.2020.15.1.8"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17085\/apm.2020.15.1.8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1975-5171","2383-7977"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1975-5171","type":"print"},{"value":"2383-7977","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"http:\/\/www.anesth-pain-med.org\/journal\/view.html?doi=10.17085\/apm.2020.15.1.8","URL":"http:\/\/www.anesth-pain-med.org\/journal\/view.html?doi=10.17085\/apm.2020.15.1.8","name":"the_journal","label":"Anesth Pain Med","group":{"name":"multiple_resolution","label":"Full text available at:"}},{"value":"2019-12-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-07","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Korean Society of Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","explanation":{"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},"group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}