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When determining the target intraocular pressure (IOP), we look at the indicators of the choroidal blood flow and biomechanical stress of the cornea and sclera (fibrous membrane of the eye). Studying visual functions is important in the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma. The creation of a modern portable device based on a virtual reality helmet allows examination of patients with low central vision. Structural changes in glaucoma affect the optic disc and the inner retinal layers. The proposed classification of atypical discs allows determining the earliest characteristic changes in the neuroretinal rim for glaucoma in cases of difficult diagnosis. The complexity of the diagnosis of glaucoma is also associated with concomitant pathologies in elderly patients. In cases with comorbidity of primary glaucoma and Alzheimer\u2019s disease the structural and functional changes revealed by modern research methods for glaucoma are explained by both the process of secondary transsynaptic degeneration and the death of neurons as a result of an increased IOP. The starting treatment is and its type are fundamentally important for preserving visual functions. Drug therapy with prostaglandin analogues contributes to a significant and persistent decrease in the level of IOP, and mainly by utilizing the uveoscleral outflow pathway. Surgical treatment of glaucoma is an effective way to achieve the target IOP values. However, postoperative hypotension affects the bloodstream both in the central and peripapillary retina. Optical coherence tomography angiography helped establishe that the strongest factor that determines postoperative changes is the difference in IOP, not its absolute level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17116\/oftalma202313903296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T08:49:59Z","timestamp":1683276599000},"page":"96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"Vyp. 2","title":["Modern achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.17116","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7115-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.E.","family":"Avetisov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"name":"Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6842-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.P.","family":"Erichev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5171-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.A.","family":"Antonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3421-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.P.","family":"Poleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3885-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.V.","family":"Kozlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.S.","family":"Makarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6743","reference":[{"key":"key-10.17116\/oftalma202313903296-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17116\/oftalma2020136061100"},{"key":"key-10.17116\/oftalma202313903296-2","unstructured":"Avetisov SE, Bubnova IA, Novikov IA, Antonov AA, Siplivy VI, Kuznetsov AV. 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